Real Boys Essay -- English Literature Essays

Real BoysWhile Reading the book Real Boys by Dr. William pollock, I realized that our society is holding boys to contradictory standards aiding the problems that many of them face while in adolescence. This book introduces the reader to numerous boys who share their feelings of shame and despair in trying to live up to the Boy Code. Pollack feels the pain that comes from boys prematurely separating from their mothers puts them on the cycle to hardening themselves emotionally. The one acceptable emotion becomes anger. throughout the book Pollack encourages parents to take time with their sons in helping them express their feelings while showing them empathy and love. Pollack discusses the ways parents can help their boys escape from the sexual practice straightjacket that is imposed upon them. Pollack exposes myths that negatively portray boys as macho creatures shaped by testosterone with no social skills. He instead presents examples of boys who are exclamatory as a result of nur turing parents and educates the reader to be aware that boys express their love through action and work. Pollack includes chapters regarding the different only equally important role of mothers and fathers in bringing up their sons. He also writes about the effect of healthy relationships with peers and the devastation that some boys feel when they disc everyplace they are homosexual. Pollack takes on the schools in failing boys in a number of ways but specifically for failing to understand the Boy Code. Boys continue to lose self-assertion as the mask of masculinity tightens and they conform to what society expects from them, interfering with their ability to learn effectively. Dr. Pollack non only gives us the problems that face the adolescent boy he also gives us suggestions to remedy and rectify the situation. This is nice instead of simply offering negative statements he actually offers the reader a solution. some other beneficial aspect of Dr. Pollacks writing is the fact that he uses so many references to his research and the research of other notable psychologists instead of over emphasizing the personal instances in his own life. When he wants to emphasize a point with a real life person, he uses a third party. When oratory of these contradictory codes that a young boys is taught to live by, Dr. Pollack says Boys have had to learn to walk a fine line. Have intimacy without sentimen... ...ollack talks on time out down gender stereotypes he seems to perpetuate them by seeming to insist that the mom be the central part of upbringing. Extensive sections on single moms but the only discussion of single dad households is two sentences which state that research showing relatively positive outcomes (i.e. relative to mom getting sole custody, not relative to intact families) is controversial. Pollack notes that Dads are more likely to suffer from depression after a divorce but does not draw the reasonable reason. Dads lose far more than moms in a divo rce. Yes moms economic status goes down more, but she tends to keep what is really important... the kids. Even today the courts are abominably biased against men in divorce cases. A mom must be totally unfit to not get at least peg custody, dad has to fight for minimal visitation rights. These are however minor quibbles with the book, the central principle of the book Todays boys are in good-looking trouble, and much of that trouble stems from never being allowed to show any negative emotion other than anger, is a very important one. Boys are not ototoxic they need our love and support, even if they put on a tough self-sufficient disguise.

Humang Genome Project :: Science Genetics Technology Papers

Humang Genome ProjectThe Human Genome Project (HGP) is an internationally collaborative venture to identify and contain all the locations of every gene of the benignant species. The HGP in the United States was started in 1990 and was expected to be a fifteen year effort to map the human genome. There have been a number of technological advances since 1990 that have accelerated the progress of the project to a completion date sometime during the year 2003. The U.S. HGP is imperturbable of the Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Institute of Health (NIH) which hopes to discover 50,000 to 100,000 human genes and make them available for further biological study (1). There are a number of other countries that are involved in the project, including Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom (1). Besides numerous countries involved in the project there is also a number of commercial companies that are involved in sequencing (6). The collaborative 3 billion dollar price tag will be use to episode the possible 3 billion deoxyribonucleic acid base pairs of human DNA.The possibilities from the information that will be obtained from the project are virtually endless. It will most believably change many biological and medical research techniques and many of the practices used by our medical professionals today. The knowledge that will be obtained will help data track to new ways of diagnosing, treating, and possibly preventing diseases. Through the discovery of the human genome, the possibilities are endless for agriculture, health services, and new energy sources also. The end result of the HGP will be information about the structure, function and organization of DNA, as we know it today.Technical Aspects of HGPThere are a number of goals that have been set forth by the HGP that they hope to have finished by their completion date in 2003. One of the first goals of the project is to identify the 50,000 to 100,000 genes that are found in DNA (2,3,4). The second goal of the HGP is to sequence the 3 billion chemical bases that make up human DNA. DNA sequencing is the process of determining the order of the chemical edifice blocks bases that make up the DNA of the human chromosome. This information will then be stored into a large database so that information can be used by other individuals. The HGP hopes to then be able to develop tools for the analysis of this data.

napoleon and frederick the great :: essays research papers

Napoleon versus Frederick the GreatI have chosen to oppose Napoleon to Frederick the Great. I will compare these two extremely influential leaders through numerous techniques including their military history, the administration of their territories, the legacy they left upon their countries, among others.Napoleon was a great soldier that receive from military school at the age of sixteen and quickly worked his way through the ranks. Napoleon was a brilliant leader in battle and consistently defeated armies larger than his own including when he forced the Austrians to make peace after defeating four of their generals. In 1799 Napoleon and his colleagues overtook the French government and established power. He revised the constitution in 1802 to make himself consul for life, and then again in 1804 to make himself Emperor of France. Soon after Napoleon came to power he restructured the administration, modify the court system, and began monitoring the schooling system French law was also gift in the Napoleon Code which guaranteed the rights and liberties that were gained through the revolution. Napoleons violent behavior caused contend with Britain to break out, who allied with Russia and Austria. Prussia later allied themselves with Russia creating a huge alliances against France and Napoleon. Napoleon successfully extended his reign over large parts of Europe and put each state under the Napoleon Code, which gave citizens new rights and privileges. In 1812 all of Europe turned against Napoleon, which lead to his exile in 1814. He regained power in 1815 just to loose it later that year. He died in exile in Saint Helena in 1821.Frederick the Great was son of King Frederick William I and was born(p) into prince hood. Frederick was raised to become a strong soldier and thrifty administrator. Frederick did not like the life his father planned for him and choose the more artsy aspects of life. His crown as prince was taken from him until he reapplied himself as a loyal member under his fathers reign. Frederick took over power after his fathers dying in 1840 almost immediately he began attempting to improve Prussian policy. By 1745 Frederick was seen as a more than able military leader after loving a second war with Austria. Frederick played a huge role in destroying Austrians dominance. Frederick was a good leader, keeping himself in touch with the work of his officials and unplowed an eye on his troops and officers.

The Sacrifice Essay -- essays research papers

Aspects of Killing in The SacrificeTo kill does not only mean to take ones life, but instead it also carries the meaning of closure an important factor in ones life. Killing also has a lot of other meanings, but the main factor of killing leads to death there be many more the author Adele Wiseman displays the many different aspects to kill in the novel The Sacrifice, by mete outing with a lot of situations that would kill an individuals heart. (I.e. Loss of a loved one, etc.) The ways to kill an individual portrayed in the novel are removal from religious beliefs, Racism to the two brothers, and the death of Laiah. Two of these points deal with death itself, but the other results in the killing of the families beliefs and way of living.The family way forced to give up their religious beliefs and convert to another faith. This had a slopped effect on how the family was to function, because they already had rules, regulations, and guidelines to follow that dealt with the religion they were with. When they were forced to change, everything was forced to change with it, like what they ate, what they did, how they acted, etc. This played a big role in the killing of the family, because what it eventually did was break up the family so that it was sort of dysfunctional. The family suffered severely from the change in religion.Racism, another important factor in the novel, which lead to the ac...

The Rise of the Norman Empire Essay example -- Scandinavian history, Ki

Hold the wall shouted big businessman Harold II as the Normans began to work their way past the Anglo-Saxon harbour wall. The Anglo-Saxon empire reigned over London for its fair share of time before William the Duke of Normandy decided to take it from them. William was the son of Robert I and his wife was Matilda of Flanders. William was of Viking origin and he spoke French. King Harold II was ruler of London after King Harold I died. King Harold II was the last Anglo-Saxon King of England. In the course of study 1066 a great conflict took place that would change the way London lived forever. This battle was called The Battle of Hastings.The battle of Hastings was a very interesting battle, the ending was not as expected. The Anglo-Saxon people had a very tough defense known as the Saxon Shield wall. This wall was nearly dull because the soldiers would line up and create a wall of shields that made it impossible to break through. The Norman Soldiers also had a major field disadv antage. The area on which they fought was called Senlac Hill. Senlac Hill had a large slope and at the top were the positioned Anglo-Saxon Soldiers. The Normans were at the bottom of the hill and had enough trouble as it is getting up that hill with their heavy chain mail armor, even without the fact that King Harolds men were at the top pushing them down. At the beginning of the battle Williams forces summed up to about 7,000 and King Harolds forces numbered to about 6,000. Even though William had the playing field disadvantage he had a few things that King Harold did not. William had cavalry and a much fresher army. When the Battle of Hastings took place King Harolds men had been marching for days and were very tired, at propagation they marched all day long to cover... ...nd changed England forever. Many changes were brought from William the Conqueror and the Battle of Hastings can be linked to things that happen in Englands history as well. full treatment CitedThe Battle of Ha stings. History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014.Barrow, Mandy. Battle of Hastings. What Happened at the ? Woodlands Junior School, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014.Trueman, Chris. Battle of Hastings 1066. Battle of Hastings 1066. History culture Site, n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2014.Battle of Hastings. History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 30 Apr. 2014.James. The Bayeux Tapestry Facts and Information. Interesting Information for Kids, Pupils, Parents and Teachers. Primary Facts, 1 Mar. 2013. Web. 01 may 2014Battle of Hastings. Battle of Hastings. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2014.Welcome. Battle of Hastings. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 May 2014

The Rise of the Norman Empire Essay example -- Scandinavian history, Ki

Hold the wall shouted big businessman Harold II as the Normans began to work their way past the Anglo-Saxon shield wall. The Anglo-Saxon pudding stone reigned over London for its fair share of time before William the Duke of Normandy decided to take it from them. William was the son of Robert I and his wife was Matilda of Flanders. William was of Viking origin and he spoke French. King Harold II was ruler of London after King Harold I died. King Harold II was the last Anglo-Saxon King of England. In the year 1066 a massive battle took place that would change the way London lived forever. This battle was called The battle of Hastings.The battle of Hastings was a very interesting battle, the outcome was not as expected. The Anglo-Saxon people had a very tough defense known as the Saxon Shield wall. This wall was nearly impenetrable because the soldiers would line up and create a wall of shields that made it impossible to break through. The Norman Soldiers also had a major field dis advantage. The area on which they fought was called Senlac Hill. Senlac Hill had a large slope and at the top were the positioned Anglo-Saxon Soldiers. The Normans were at the bottom of the hill and had enough trouble as it is getting up that hill with their flagitious chain mail armor, even without the fact that King Harolds men were at the top pushing them down. At the beginning of the battle Williams forces summed up to about 7,000 and King Harolds forces numbered to about 6,000. Even though William had the playing field disadvantage he had a few things that King Harold did not. William had cavalry and a much fresher army. When the Battle of Hastings took place King Harolds men had been marching for daytimes and were very tired, at times they marched all day long to cover... ...nd changed England forever. Many changes were brought from William the Conqueror and the Battle of Hastings can be linked to things that happen in Englands history as well.Works CitedThe Battle of Hasti ngs. History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014.Barrow, Mandy. Battle of Hastings. What Happened at the ? Woodlands Junior School, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014.Trueman, Chris. Battle of Hastings 1066. Battle of Hastings 1066. History Learning Site, n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2014.Battle of Hastings. History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 30 Apr. 2014.James. The Bayeux Tapestry Facts and Information. Interesting Information for Kids, Pupils, Parents and Teachers. Primary Facts, 1 Mar. 2013. Web. 01 may 2014Battle of Hastings. Battle of Hastings. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2014.Welcome. Battle of Hastings. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 May 2014

Foreign Investment in India

The article Indian firms foreign ownership at its peak talks about foreign ownership in listed Indian firms. According to the analysts the foreign ownership has reached its peak and is expected to rise further as corporate profitability grows. However, factors such as high largeness and depravity may result in overseas investors being careful with their actions. As a result of year 2010, foreign institutional investors (FIIs) shareholding rose to the highest level since Indian markets opened up to foreign investment in 1993.In addition, strong corporate earnings had made India the top investment destination in 2010. As India is the second fastest growing major economy in the world after China, it is likely to attract higher investments in the future. Although the development potential vista for India quells positive, it is susceptible to correction due to is top priced trading compared to other markets. The threat of high inflation and rising crude prices resulting in a slow-down of growth and corporate profitability has affected the foreign investors action. The moderation in foreign flows has led to a decline in stock prices.An increase in FII shareholding was spy in sectors, such as consumer goods, pharma, metals, large software firms and telecom service providers. In banking and financial industry, however, the FIIs stakes were lowered as well as in most construction firms. The trend in foreign inflows in the future will depend largely on whether macroeconomic concerns such as inflation abate as well as on policy initiatives in the national budget to be tabled in Parliament next month. According to the article, investors remain careful with their action in the mean time until policy cues particularly around the budget are solved.Link to the articlehttp//www.allbusiness.com/trade-development/trade-development-finance/15460726-1.html

Learning Styles and Competencies

Especially when the instructor give exactly what they want out of you when coping room them, like precise instructions, directions, and they give the tools needed to all over their course. My three highest results on the competency spectrum are researching, applying expertise, and logical forecasting. Researchers learn new t contract and retains the Information quickly. Also they demonstrate an Immediate sympathy of newly presented Information. A researcher supports good decision making due to well done research. Second was applying expertise this is using technology to achieve goals.Demonstrates an understanding of a conformation of different things. Third s logical thinking which is using all sources available to complete a task. Logical thinkers have a great understanding of problems and thinks of ways to solve them. Also they think about the future and the action we founder today will affect us in the future and to make wise choices. I swear I am a great researcher and I al ways I am usually the one flavor up everything and researching everything to know before making decisions. Second is applying expertise which I also agree that I am good at . My friends and family always ask me for my expertise.I am open too variety of different things. Third is logical thinking I believe that is also pretty true about myself. I understand problems and can always come up with a solution that everyone Is happy with. These results did not surprise me. And competencies as determined by these activities. I dont think there are some(prenominal) major alterations to my study techniques to take advantage of my abilities. My study habits and competencies match well with my results.. I strategies my week with what I need to learn and study. I think logically and deduce answers by making rational judgments.I analyze information to find out what it means and how it works. How can knowing your abilities and competencies from the My course design help you prepare for profess ional environments? I would utilize my strengths, abilities, and skills that I have to market myself better in a professional environment. I believe there is a place in any company that you work at to make yourself shine above the others by applying your strengths to the best of your abilities. I am quick learner and I research anything I dont know and absorb that knowledge for the future when needed.I coped well with pressure, so anything expected from me in a working(a) environment, I will not falter. I know myself as an individual. I know what my strengths are, and it will benefit me moving forward to prepare me in any professional environment. How would you forward motion collaborative work in the future given what you now understand about your competencies and abilities? I think by best approach is asking questions with students, teachers, and professional who is already working in the field I am studying in. What is the relationship between your competencies identified in My Career Plan and your results on the personality spectrum profile?My three highest results on the rationality spectrum are researching, applying expertise, and logical thinking. My personality was musical and interpersonal . What can you do to Improve on the competencies needed for your career goal? Review the competency development tips for assistance with improving competencies. Improve my personal competencies by evaluating my strengths and weaknesses. Make a commitment to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder skills that can improve my quality of life. Take classes on line or in physical classrooms to enhance competencies which is what Im doing now . Look for ways to improve work-life strategically by expanding my skill-set.

Projects and Project Management Essay

Organizational leaders are facing complex challenges by dint of a rapid rate of change in both the technology and government which has then created pressure in new and existing organizations. As a result, the traditional structure for managing is giving way to a new form of counsel (Kerzner, 2003). This form is put up management. How can this be? befuddles have been around since the create of the pyramids (Dobson, 2003).In 2650 B.C., the step pyramid was built by Imhotep for the pharaoh Zoser in Egypt. The building of Stonehenge occurred about 150 years later. In another 2,500 years, the Mayans began building pyramids throughout interchange America. These were the very first calculates in history. The builders of these structures used simple tools and did not have paper or software programs (Lewis, 1995).The beginning of vomit up management as a discipline began in the 1950s and 1960s in the United States but was not generally accepted until today. The purpose of this initial lecture is to help you in1.Recognizing projects.2.Developing an learning of project management.3.Recognizing the project management process.This lecture will support these objectives by providing you with definitions, examples and definitions of projects and project management. Additionally, the lecture will conclude with a brief description of the project management process. sicksIn business today, there are many types of projects with hold onless possibilities. A project can beDeveloping a new ware or service.Implementing a new business process.Developing a marketing plan.Completing an assignment.According to Lewis (19952) a project is a one-time job that has definite commencement and ending points, clearly defined objectives, reach and (usually) a budget. The key words in this definition are underlined to aid you in differentiating between a project and a repetitive process or operation such as order processing or production. Operations and projects share characteristics. They are bothPerformed by people.Constrained by limited resources.Planned, executed and controlled (PMI, 20004-5).However, a project can be differentiating from an operation by its distinctive characteristics. As the Project Management nominate (2000 4-5) explains a project is a temporary endeavor to create a unique product or service. In this definition, temporary refers to the definite beginning and end while unique refer to the difference of the project from others. For seemingly repetitive actives like building houses from the same blueprint that are always unique features and hassles. For example, the humor may vary or there could be special restrictions for zoning.Another view of a project is provided by (Kerzner, 20002) as a series of tasks that make believe a specified objective to be completed within certain specifications.Have a defined st artwork and finish.Consume human and nonhuman resources (such as money, time, expertise, equipment).Are multifunctional (they cut a cross functional lines such as marketing, design, development, production and so forth).Project ReviewA project is a one-time job. This isTemporary.Unique.With a clear start & finish. eat resources (human and nonhuman)Budgeted, if appropriate.Multifunctional (cuts across different functions).A quality expert, Dr. J.M. Juran, defines a project as a problem scheduled for solution. From this perspective, a project is conducted to solve a problem for an organization. The problem(s) are solved by project work squads and the project manager (Lewis, 1995).Project ManagementThe best way to learn about project management is to understand what it is not. Project Management is not software and it is not just scheduling (Lewis, 1995). Project management has two aspects (Heerkins, 2002 6)The art leading people on a project.The science defining and coordinating the work to be done.According to Lewis (19954-5), project management is the planning, scheduling, controlling of project activates to achieve performance, cost, and time objectives for a taken scope of work using resources efficiently and effectively. As a project manager you will always manage competing demands for people, money and time to meet specified project goals and requirements. Sound tough? It can be. It can also be challenging and help you to develop your management skills. There are both Pros and Cons of being a project manager (Heerkins, 2002 3).ProsIt can be a steeping stone to promotion.It provides a strong whiz of accomplishment.Theres variety no two days are alike.Theres significant freedom of choice.It affords the opportunity to effect change across the organization.ConsIt requires significant tolerance for politics.It requires significant tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty.Theres a lot of responsibility, but little or no affordability.You may feel disconnected from your technical discipline and prior work experiences.You may be perceived as not having a real job.The advantages and disadva ntages of project management as outlined by Kerzner ( 20033) arePotential BenefitsIdentification of functional responsibilities to ensure all activities is accounted for in the project.Measurement of accomplishment against tasks.Improved capability for prox planning.Identification ofoTime limits.oMethodologyPotential BarriersProject complexity.Special requirements and changes per customer.Organizational restructuring.Project risks.Changes in technology.Project management calls for the creation of a small organizational structure the project team. This team is often multifunctional and is representative of the larger organization (Heerkins, 2000). For example, the project team may consist of a data analyst from research, a customer service representative, a somebody from finance and so forth. Also, as the learning team is your partners in learning, the project team will be your partners throughout the project management process. This process involves delimitate the goal of a proje ct.Determining the results you expect from your project.Working within a budget.Setting-up a schedule.Selecting your teams and establishing roles.Making sure tools and technology are in place.Monitoring on-going process.Maintaining team morale.Dealing with problems that may arise.Keeping stakeholders (such as customers, clients, and executives) informed of your progress.Brining the project to a conclusion.Accessing what went right and what went wrong (Mintzer, 20025-8).It is important to note that these activities within this process are iterative aspect in nature because there will be progressive elaboration on each activity throughout the life cycle of the project. As the Project ManagementInstitute describes, project management is the application of knowledge, skills and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements (20006). In summary, project management is an emerging profession that is both art and science which follows processes to bring about the successful completion of a project.Project Management ReviewProject Management depends on a project team that isCross-functional and diverse in experience and expertise.Representative of the larger organization.Motivated to bring the project to a conclusion.Project Management isAn art and a science.The planning, scheduling and controlling project activities.The bill of accomplishment against goals and requirements.An emerging profession with the goal to bring projects to completion on time and within the budget.SummaryThis lecture has covered both projects and project management. It will give you a basis for understanding the complexities, challenges and opportunities of the project management process. This lecture was developed to help you in 1) recognizing projects, 2) developing an understanding of project management 3) and recognizing the project management process.ReferencesDobson, M.S. (2003). Streetwise Project Management, How to Manage People. Processes and Time to Achieve the Results You Need. Avon, MA. Adams Media Corporation.Heerkens, G.R. (2002). Project Management, a Briefcase Book. New York McGraw-Hill.Kerzner, H. (2003). Project Management, A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling. 8th Ed. New York Wiley.Lewis, J.P. (1995). Project Planning, Scheduling, and Control, A Hands-On Guide to Bringing Projects in on Time and on Budget, Chicago Irwin Professional Publishing.Project Management Institute (2000). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, PPMBOK Guide. An American National Standard, ANSI/PMI 99-001-2000. Newton Square, PA. PMI.Mintzer, R. (2002).The Everything Project Management Book, Tackle any Project with Confidence and Get it Done on Time. Avon, MA. Adams Media Corporation.

Marianna Moore “Poetry” Essay

While reading this song, at first it was difficult to completely perceive what is happening or what is exactly is being told. I decided to break down sentence by sentence to make it easier and it helped bring out the poems true colors. I excessively dislike it there are involvements that are important beyond all this fiddle. After reading this segment it points out to me that our speaker shares that she too doesnt like it referring to the reader that they must not like it too since majority of quite a little do not.The question is why does she say it and not say poetry. learning it, however with a perfect contempt for it, one discovers it after all, a place the genuine. This tells me that the speaker explains that reading poetry with perfect understanding is dense and confusing, but its achievable to find a place inside your self that hindquarters jimmy it. Hands that can grasp, eyes that can dilate, hair that can rise if it must, these things are important because a high so unding interpretation can be put upon them but because they are useful.This specific transit explains to me that the speaker is telling the author that poetry can be so powerful and meaningful with the set keen hands to fully grasp it, and the right eyes that can key out past it and find the meaning as well as the hairs on yourself that will tense up from the message of the poem and its way of creation. She also states its important cause with these abilities it is vital and important because they are useful not just for poetry but for other things. When they become so derivative as to become unintelligible, the same thing may be said for all of us, that we do not admire what we cannot understand.This tells me that its true that for people sometimes when we adoptt understand something, it becomes unimportant to us because we dont have that drive or push to make us understand it since its to backbreaking or to confusing. The author is saying that for us, many do not understand p oetry making us give up on it since we dont full grasp the true understanding of it. The bat holding on upside down or in quest of something to eat, elephants pushing, a incorrect horse cavalry taking a roll, a tireless wolf under a tree, the immovable critic twitching his skin like a horse that feel a flea, the baseball fan, the statistician .This creates imagery in the readers chief by giving examples of what the author is trying to convey and creates images in ones head. Its relating to how these examples are rough to understand but make sense in a way once you dig deep enough and find the answer to it. Nor is it valid to dissever against business documents and school books This part shows me that even though we hate books and documents the purpose of it is to teach us something, so instead of hating it since its hard to understand, take time to see its purpose of making us only smarter. All these phenomena are important.One must make a distinction however when dragged into prominence by fractional poets, the result is not poetry, nor till the poets among us can be literalists of the imagination. The structure of this creates the message to me that all phenomena in things are important but its hard to see at first, and it takes a close eye to see this distinction. By addressing that dragging half poets into prominence the result is not poetry, and neither till the poets among us can be literalists of the imagination pin points that all poets can create poetry but the good kinds are the ones with imagination and a voice to it.It doesnt have to have this deeper meaning to it but has to be genuine to the poet and have something real to them. Above for inspection, imaginary gardens with real toads in them shall we have it. This creates images in the readers head and creates that sense of imagery by giving it direction on how anything can be imaginative but adding reality to it can be worthwhile and she be taken for accounted for.In the meantime, if you d emand on the one hand, the raw material of poetry in all its rawness and that which is on the other hand genuine, you are elicit in poetry. The ending to this poem stands out to me the most because this part says that even raw poetry can be good, and having that rawness as a good thing can make it genuine since anything can be poetry but it has to be genuine. The speaker address the reader by saying if you can appreciate rawness in all its power, then you can appreciate poetry in all its rawness.

Communication needs Essay

1.1Explain the importance of propering an individuals conference compulsions.AnswerPeople advertise because they need to let others know what they compulsion and feel, as well as to stripping things out and get answers to their question and to pass on entropy and give direction.Communication is a basic man right. Without conversation the individual is unable to realise or exercise their rights. Under the human rights act 1998 all individuals have the right to freedom of carryion.Without identifying and concording the individuals communicating call for m any whitethorn be denied their rights. The right of and individual is also up held in (GSCC) General Social C atomic number 18 Council.In order to efficaciously support an individual with his or her communication we must have a thorough understanding of their needs. All individuals have a right to communication and we atomic number 18 governed by standards, codes of course session, guidelines, morals and law to fancy those communication needs are met.Read more Essay About Support Individuals with Specific Communication inescapably1.2Explain how own role and practice potbelly impact on communication with an individual who has specific communication needs.AnswerIt is true that a soulfulnesss own beliefs and experiences could affect working practice or affect my role as a wellnesscare worker. However, as aprofessional health care worker, it is part of my responsibilities to treat all service users equally and never allow my personal beliefs affect my role.Imposing my own beliefs and experiences is not acceptable in the healthcare practice and would be against the standard codes of practice, and organisational policies. Example giving preferential treatment to service user because I like them more than others, treating a guest differently because we have the same or different religion, different values as regards personal hygiene, different sexual orientation.Furthermore, treating a service us er naughtily because in the past I have had a bad experience with perhaps people of such colour, race or people of his/her personalities is against the practice.The Human Rights comprise 1998, The Race Relations, Act 1976 amended 2000, The Sex Discrimination Act 1975. Equal Opportunities Act 2004 and the Equality Act of 2010 are all legislations that relate to equality and miscellanea in my own practice. These acts are about meeting and respecting the individual needs. As a healthcare worker it is my responsibly to strictly adhere and follow these guidelines.This ensure that all invitees are treated equally irrespective of their colour, age, disability, gender, religion and belief and sexual orientation . It is my duties to offer a non judgemental, non bias service because of individual client beliefs.1.3Analyse features of the environment that may befriend or hinder communication.AnswerNoise takes of the environment. Are they conducive to communication if an individual is har d of hea inner circle hence it is best to reduce the noise level or move to a quieter area to improved communication.Large groups could have a negative impressive on communication if everyone is engage in a lively discussion, it best to move to a smaller group.Good/poor lighting someone with poor ken may find it difficult to seem especially if they have divulgeing problem and relied on reading your oral cavitys as opposed to good lighting which would salve any anxieties and stress and reduced miscommunication as a result of having good lighting.Privacy or lack of it, offering a individual a cliquish environment to have a conversation with someone on a one to one basic would allowed the individual to set across from you face to face, where the level of communication buttocks be calm, timely and clear have opportunities to clarify things they are not sure about and enable clarity. foc apply on the individual,space and posture when communicating, body voice communication and eye allude when communicating, giving individuals sufficient time to transcend, using the individuals preferred means of communication and language, checking that you and the individuals understand the communication when communicating.No disruption/disruption, distraction example, TV off or on and even temperature is it just right or too hot/cold and so forth as all these elements womanish genital organ have a negative or positive impact on communication. corporal- refers to the environment surrounding the participants in the communication work on for example (good) good ventilation, chairs and other materials are properly arrange, temperature is set just right, the mall or venue is presentable..etc. (bad) a very noisy place, air pollution, the place is very dirty and the materials for the event is not properly arrange, poor ventilation.1.4Analyze reasons why an individual may use a form of communication that is not based on a formal language system.AnswerThere are lots of di fferent ways to communicate. We use all of our five senses to communicate and receive selective information Visual-seeing, Auditory - perceive, Olfactory smelling, Kin- aesthetic -feeling, Gustatory -tasting.Could be due to rendering difficulties, in which case they will use sign language, another(prenominal) could be because of learning problems, and these people use a form of body language , some might use their eyes, whilst others communicate by fashioning facial nerve expressions or sounds or even pointing. A further reason could be due to a severe medical condition, and in some of these cases the individual can learn to use electronic equipment to communicateIt is principal(prenominal) to learn about communication forms. Once we recognize the communication we can respond to it and begin moldable it into a more formal or easier to understand form of communication.1.5Identify a range of communication methods and aid to support individuals to communicate.AnswerThere are th ree main forms of communication, verbal, non-verbal and the written word.Verbal communicationVerbal communication uses words to present ideas, thoughts and feelings. Good verbal communication is the ability to both formulate and present your ideas clearly finished the spoken word, and to listen carefully to other people. This will involve using a variety of approaches and styles appropriate to the Individual you are addressing.Non-verbal communicationThis refers to the messages we rouse out to express ideas and opinions withouttalking. This might be through the use of body language, facial expressions, gestures, tone of voice, touch or contact, signs, symbols, imagines, objects and other opthalmic aids. It is very important to be able to recognise what a persons body language is saying, especially when as a health or mixer care worker you are dealing with someone who is in pain, worried or upset. You must also be able to understand the messages you send with your own body when working with other people.Body language The way we sit or stand, which is called posture, cansend messages. Slouching on a chair can show a lack of interest in what is going on and folded arms can suggest that you are feeling negative or antiaircraft about a person or situation. Even the way we move can give out messages, e.g. shaking your head while someone else is talking might shew that you disagree with them or waving your arms around can indicate you are excited.Facial expression We can often split what someone is feeling by theireyes. Our eyes become wider when we are excited or bright, attracted to, or interested in someone. A smile shows we are happy and a frown shows we are annoyed.Touch or contact Touching another person can send messagesof care, affection, power or sexual interest. It is important to think about the setting you are in and what you are trying to convey before touching a person in a health and social care environment. An arm around a child who is upset about something in hospital or a nursery can go a long way to making them feel better but a teenager might feel intimidated by such contact from an older person.Signs, symbols and pictures There are certain common signs orgestures that most people automatically recognise. For example, a wave of thehand can mean how-dye-do or goodbye and a thumbs up can mean that all is well. Pictures of all forms and objects also communicate messages an X-ray and a model of a stifle joint can more easily communicate to someone needing a knee replacement exactly what is involved.Written communicationThis is central to the work of any person providing a service in a health and social care environment when keeping records and in writing reports. Different types of communication need different styles of writing but all require literacy skills. A more formal style of writing is needed when recording information about a client.Technological aidsTechnology is moving so quickly now that we have many elec tronic aids to help us communicate. For example, mobile phones can be used to make calls but we can also use them to send text messages and emails and we have computers on which we can record, store and communicate information very quickly and efficiently over long distances. Some aids can turn small movements into written word and then into speech, such as the voice box most famously used by the scientist, Professor Stephen Hawking.mobile phones these are generally affordable and available to the population at large, making them more rise to powerible than computers and far more cost-effective. They have many uses in health and social care. For example, they enable emergency response teams to coordinate their efforts, allow a surgical team to contact someone awaiting an organ transplant, gather and send information etc. They are especially important in health and social care in developing countries, where people may live several days walk from the nearest doctor.telephone amplifie r these are devices that amplify, or make louder, the ring tone of a phone so that people who are hard of hearing and maybe use a hearing aid can hear the phone more clearly. They also amplify the volume of the person speaking on the other end by up to 100%. Other devices on telephones include flashing lights so someone who is hard of hearing can seethat the phone is ringing.hearing loops a hearing loop system helps indifferent(p) people who use a hearing aidThese means of communication are used for transferring information from one entity to the other, and always involve a transmitter and receiver. The cycle of communication is said to be complete only when the receiver has understood the senders message and intent.1.6Describe the potential effects on an individual of having unmet communication needs.AnswerHaving difficulties expressing on self can lead to both physiologic and emotional problems.Individuals who experience a gradual loss of effective communication may become incr easingly withdrawn, depressed or isolated. These emotions reduce the individuals self-esteem as they start to develop feeling of foiling and uselessness. The individuals behaviour may change as they vent their frustrations with acts of anger or even violence.An individual, who is born deft or lose their hearing while they are young, may well have built their own society in the Deft Community based on communication through sign language. But someone who has lived in the hearing community for most of their tone, then loses their hearing in later life, may feel they have no place where they can fit in.some individuals who have not received the required support to communicate effectively may become indifferent to others. They may begin to feel that there is no point in trying to express themselves, their needs or their views, when no one appears to be listening or attempting to understand them.Unsupported communication needs can result in the individual being denied their rights. As a society, if we deny an individual their rights in life we are in effect abusing that individual.2.2Contribute to identifying the communication methods or aids that will best suit individual.AnswerAt my day centre I contribute to aiding the communication needs of my service users byCultural needsdietary needs of a number of service users are varied so it is essential that those who have special dietary needs are meet to help maintained and help them stay healthy example. Diabetic not tending(p) too much sugar or sweet, or those with hypertension watch the amount of salt intake in their diet identified and cultural norms of using the left hand is frown up on.Religious needsEnsures those who practice their faith are given the opportunity to engage in such practice on a weekly basic. By providing this service to them.One page profileIndicate the individual like and preferences and what is important to the individual and how best to meet their needs.Body languageThrough developing a wo rking relationship with an individual I am able to understand a number of cues with indicate what or how they are feeling through, facial expression, gestures that indicate that the individual is upset annoyed or confused example when an individual look at family photos they trust to talk or visit their love ones.Key working thought working with the individual and family to establish person centre approaches. Which entails their hope dreams and aspiration.Language barricade ensuring the individual have someone to help will their language needs if their first language is not English.Technical aidsEnsuring individual have the overture to hearing aid, optician to render them with aiding with visual needs to improved their communication needs. Talking books,and large printed and Bridle books and other technical aids to help with their communication needs through partnership work with deft blind society who provide magazine to informed and update service users and their family on the latest aids that would best suit their needs.Monthly magazine leafletInforming and updating service users on all the activities that has taken place and will be misadventure at the centre. By fetching photos of all the various events we are enabling service user are seeing hearing and reading all that is taking place in the day centre. Example who celebrated their birth day, what events will be happing inside and outside of the centre and pictures of who attended.Notice boardService user are able to see and read about events and obtained information that is of interest to them or others they can shared with.Informing service usersProvide service users with breeding and Advice as to where and how to obtain information on other services and community resources they can get access to.Staff meetingReport and shared implicated information that has been disclosed or observation about service user that will benefit or aid their communication needs2.3Explain how and when to access info rmation and support about identifying and addressing specific communication needs.OR1.1What is communication?Communication is the giving and receiving of information. It is the foundation of what we do in everyday life. What we say, how we say it and what we do communicates a multitude of messages that are given and received consciously and subconsciously by using different communication methods. People communicate with you because they have something they regard you to know or something they want you to tell them. We communicate to share information and ideas. The key point to remember is that everyone is different. We all think differently and communicate in different ways. The people you are supporting will communicate because they are motivated by what they need2.2 Understand a range of communication methods and styles that could help meet an individuals communication needs, wishes and preferences There are lots of different Ways to communicate. We use all of our five senses to communicate and receive information Visual seeingAuditory hearingOlfactory smellingKinaesthetic feelingGustatory tastingVerbal communicationVocabulary, words and different languages tang of voicePitch (for example, high or lowNon-verbal communicationEye contactSigns, symbols or picturesWritingUsing objectsTouchPhysical gesturesBody language and emotionsLip readingRecognise barriers to effective communicationHere are some of the different barriers to considerSensory impairment (for example, deafness, blindness or both) ending (for example, speaking different languages or poor English)Religion (for example, men not permitted to support females with personal care)Health issues (for example, mental ill health like Dementia) accentuate noise (for example, radio, television, other people, machines)Emotions (for example, difficulty in being able to listen to others)Stress (for example, failing to recognise what is happening)Strong accents (for example, from a different part of Engla nd that you find difficult to understand)Specialist communication techniques (for example, sign language is used)Prejudice (for example, allowing your beliefs to pre judge a situation)Be aware of ways to reduce barriers to effective communication audition LossHearing loss is an invisible disability, so it can become a big communication barrier. Hearing impaired people have to sign very hard to pick up information in stages and written information. Aids that can help these people are hearing aids, sign language, lip reading, loop systems, interpreters. It is important to limit background noise to avoid distraction. You should always make sure they can see you clearly and particularly your face as they may be able to lip read. They may also use sign language which you may need to consider learning if you will be working together regularly.Loss of SightThis can make a person extremely disorientated if they are in a strange place or they lose their glasses. When supporting a person who is blind or has limited visibility, verbal communication increases in importance. Always ensure the individual can hear you clearly. It may be appropriate to use touch to reassure them of your presence. You might need to explain things in more detail because they are unable to see your expressions and body LANGUAGELanguage Barriers and AccentsIt can be difficult to communicate with a person who does not speak English, you may need to use picture boards, actions or an interpreter so you can communicate appropriately. Dementia and ConfusionWhen supporting someone with Dementia be aware that even basic forms of communication may be difficult for them to understand and interpret. riding habit short sentences. Use names rather than he or she. Avoid open ended questions. Use closed questions, for example, rather than say what would you like? say would you like this or that?DysphasicThese individuals have usually had a stroke and may get very baffle when trying to communicate. A speech therapist may be involved with their support and may be able to suggest ways of making things easier. Physical DisabilitiesIndividuals may have had accidents which have changed their abilities. Some people will have previously had no disabilities and others will have always had disabilities. Some people with physical disabilities may have difficulty speaking, for example, people who may have had strokes or conditions like cerebral palsy. Others with physical disabilities may be able to communicate suddenly well in speech. You should never make judgements about individuals capabilities in any way and dont forget everyone is different.Cultural Differencesnormally used gestures can sometimes have different meanings in other cultures. Familiarise yourself with the cultures of those you are caring for so you are able to treat them with respect. In some cultures, men and women are not allowed to speak to each other if they are not known to each other and this could present difficulties w hen trying to provide care and support. A female may not want a male carer and a male may not want a female carerThe EnvironmentConsider the type of environment in which you are working. Is there lots of noise around you. Can the noise be reduced or removed altogether. Are other people making too much noise and preventing you from communicating with an individual. In an individuals home, you may find pets or other distractions like the television being on too loud. You should also make sure that people who have particular aids to help them communicate are using these, for example hearing aids and glasses. It can often be difficult to concentrate on a conversation if the individual needs to go to the toilet. Always check the individual is comfortable.Confidence / Self EsteemIf an individual lacks confidence and / or self esteem, they may find it difficult to express themselves. Lots of patience and encouragement is needed as well as regular praise to increase their confidence and the way they feel about themselves1.5Be aware of sources of information and support or services to enable moreeffective communication There will be lots of different types of support and services that can help you and the individuals you support to improve your communication skills. Some of these services are TranslatorsInterpreters, sign language and lip speakersSpeech and language specialists advocacy services

Behaviors Towards Green Hospitals In Thailand Environmental Sciences Essay

Thailand has late experienced an economic over growing that has been coupled with rapid industrialisation and urbanisation. This growing has either bit anticipated, caused a important admixture in the huge natural home campaign and resources of this state. Further much, natural catastrophes have raised serious concern in the vicinity. With the increasing consciousness of planetary clime alteration and natural catastrophes in the developed universe, environmental protection and energy sustainability have emerged as issues of turning importance. Companies across all sectors try to develop merchandises and linguistic rules with a minimized environmental load, in order to take portion in socially responsible patterns, and to set up their presence as innovators in the newly formed niche of consumers with ecological concerns.This is likewise true for the healthcare and tourism industry, where concerns frequently rely on the unity and sustainability of the environment. However, wh ile a figure of surveies personify for the tourism sector, there has been done about no search on green patterns in the infirmary industry. It is gratuitous to state that there is a game expect for infirmaries to prosecute in green patterns due to the big sum of waste generated but besides the theoretic behind the built-in committedness to a balanced coexistence of the patient with his environment in order to prolong a high degree of quality of life and public wellness. Furthermore, infirmaries that exhibit strong involvement in environmental issues and actively take part in eco-friendly patterns have the possible to distinct themselves from another(prenominal) concerns, therefore making a important agonistical advantage.There are no surveies up to day of the month that have measured the consumer attitudes towards green pattern in infirmaries nor their willingness to pay, should an environmental policy in healthcare direction is to take topographic point.AimsThe intent of th is see is twofold to research consumer attitudes towards assorted countries of green patterns in infirmaries and consumers willingness to pay for green infirmaries, and to foretell attitudes, personal norm, and perceive behavioral control taking to the likeliness of consumers to actively seek and see green infirmaries.The proposed research and rating survey will take at placing the outgrowth of different socio demographic features on the bing likeliness to take green health care, but will besides analyze the influence of attitudes, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control on the consumers purpose to see such infirmaries. Consumers who originate from public sector infirmaries will besides be compared against those from private attention.MethodsAjzens ( 1985 ) Theory of plan Behavior will be used as a a priori foundation to analyze the above planned outcomes. Data will be hive away with the aid of a structured choose questionnaire. The survey sample is anticipate d to be 500 and it will be provided by bing clients of take parting infirmaries. The study will be conducted in the waiting suites of the participating infirmaries, which will be both private attention and public attention infirmaries in Thailand.Assuming that the community of Thailand is M and that M will see a infirmary at one point in their life-time, the survey sample will be carve up among the private and public wellness sector. Hence with 250 at each side, the survey sample has been calculated to observe % of a one criterion divergence difference, with a power of 85 per centum and a significance degree of 5 % . This differentiation is made in order to avoid a systematic choice disadvantage in the survey sample, since patients of the private sector are more likely to hold a higher socioeconomic degree and therefore either more environmentally led consciousness or a much greater willingness to pay for green tactics.In order to stratify the survey population samples, descripti ve statistics will be employed and multiple additive arrested development supposititious accounts will be used to analyse the study instrument s consequences. affair of findingsThe analyses are anticipated to uncover the true figure of consumers that perceive the country of green infirmaries as of import. The analytical description of the factors underlying their behaviour will besides be provided and comparings will be made amongst consumers arising from different wellness backgrounds.It is besides anticipated that the willingness to pay for green health care will be measured by the study instrument, and that this can function as a important music directorial assistance in the way of the pertinence and sustainability of such theoretical accounts. Therefore, this research aims to function as an analytical and determination steering tool in the way of greener health care, based on consumer s sentiments.AimThis survey will utilize informations obtained from a constructions study q uestionnaire directed at consumers of private and public infirmaries in Thailand to find their attitudes and behaviours towards fountain Hospitals. The survey s aims areTo research consumer attitudes towards assorted countries of green patterns in infirmaries and consumers willingness to pay for green infirmaries harmonizing to socio-demographic factors and arising sector of health care used at the clip of the survey.To foretell attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control taking to the likeliness of consumers to actively seek and see green infirmaries in the hereafter.BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEWThis subdivision reviews the current relevant lit available on the current position quo of green patterns in infirmaries, hence making a background for this survey that will show the current demand for green infirmaries and the current accomplishments made or failures observed in already green health care disposals. This subdivision begins with basic background inform ation on the first green infirmaries studies on mensural impact, patient satisfaction and organisational features and alterations observed. It incorporates a reappraisal on the consequence of green patterns at the industry degree every bit good as a elaborate reappraisal of countries that are of peculiar relevancy for the pertinence of these policies.It besides includes a reappraisal on make methods for all validated instruments directed at the measuring of consumers attitudes towards health care, their influential potency and subsequent significance to healthcare direction. This is provided to clarify the power of such an grounds based attack, where consumers sentiments are valued for the devising of managerial determinations on health care policies. This background is necessary to solidify the importance and cogency of the present survey.Finally, the theoretical background is reviewed. First the theory of planned behaviour is analyzed, which will function as a conceptual model for the mensural variables. Then hypotheses are developed, harmonizing to demographics and attitudes, subjective norms and sensed behavioural control. Already published information towards Green patterns in infirmaries is discussed and analyzed harmonizing to attitudes, subjective norms and sensed behavioural control.Green Practices in Tourism cautionenquiry on the sustainability of tourer direction has focused on the development of environmental rules, translated as codifications of behavior or environmental policies ( United Nations Environment computer programme ( UNEP ) , 1994 Williams, 1993 ) . The 2nd contour of the application of environmental policies as they translated into pattern has besides been achieved for the touristry industry. The greening of the operational activities of certain sectors of the industry provide with first-class illustrations of this phase ( World exit & A Tourism Council, World Tourism Council, Earth Council, 1995 ) .Hotel sustainability pla ns have concentrated on waste decrease, energy preservation, and H2O preservation. More advanced(a) rejuvenation plans haveintroduced the recitation of organic nutrients, non toxic cleansing merchandises, and chemical-free plague direction techniques. Besides, emanation decrease in the transit sector has been an activity that environmental tourer policies have concentrated on.Reports on the impact appraisal of the deduction of environmental policies in touristry are nevertheless few, and those focal point on the public presentation of a limited figure of international touristry corporations ( WTTERC, 1993 ) .Hence it is hard to reassign their findings to the wide scope of concerns in the wider health care and touristry industry.Green Practices in HealthContrary to their sibling ( the touristry industry ) , it is widely perceived that infirmaries are really immune to alter, both structurally and culturally. Their constellation, unremarkably in concrete, frequently reflects the pat tern of wellness attention and patient populations of past epochs. It is said that, alteration within the infirmary involves piecing the resources needed for high-quality attention, such as best usage of edifices, people and equipment, and forming them in a manner that provides high-quality attention ( Healy and McKee, Chapter 10 ) .There is a resistant scope of surveies that prove an aetiologic relationship between environmental maltreatment and diseases, such as dioxins and malignant neoplastic disease, pesticide and nutrient and the effects of relentless organic defilers. On the infirmary degree, toxin and mercury-containing medical devices, the openhanded usage of pesticides in and around infirmaries and the big sum of waste generated are all issues that stress the demand for an environmental policy in health care. It is in other words envisioned that a stiff environmental policy could even be a factor of high quality attention for hospital ply and patients.In the last 10 ol d ages, there has been singular advancement in waste direction from an environmental wellness position. Hospitals have been placed in the frontline for infective waste direction, decreased chemical usage, advancing usage of healthy nutrients and advancing nurse leading in environmental stewardship.Given besides the plainly increasing trouble of run intoing turning demand for good infirmary attention, infirmary directors have turned to Green Hospitals for better results. a About a twelve groups began building green infirmaries several old ages ago, and other groups are now following their lead the Medical-News study in 2006. Inventions include solar panels, porous pavement stuff to filter chemicals from rainwater overflow, H2O conserving lavatories, gum elastic floors, eco-friendly systems for disposing of medical waste, latex-free scrutiny baseball mitts, and cleaners without rough chemicals and reclaimable dissolvers.Gary Cohen, executive manager of the Environmental Health F und, said that although inventions ab initio cost more, they can cut down operating costs over clip ( Landro, Wall Street Journal, 10/4/06 ) .The Luminary Project. ( 2005 ) . Nurses illuming the manner to environmental wellness. Retrieved April 30, 2007 from the universe broad electronic network at www.TheLuminaryProject.org.National Society for health care Foodservice Management. ( 2007 ) . About HFM. Retrieved April 13, 2007 from www.hfm.org/about.htmlBresnitz E.A. , Beckett W. , Chan-Yeaun M, Craig, T. , Gilman, M. , Harber, P. , et Al. ( 2004 ) . Guidelines for measuring and pull slay asthma hazard at work, school, and diversion. American Journal of Respiratory Critical Care. Medicine Series on-line. 169, 873-881. Retrieved March 22, 2007 from the universe broad web at www.asthmaregionalcouncil.org/resources/documents/GuidelinesforAssessingandManagingAsthmaRisk.pdfGreen R. , Hauser R. , Calafat AM, Weuve, J. , Schettlet, T, Ringer, S. et Al, ( 2005 ) . Use of di ( 2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate-containing medical merchandises and urinary degrees of glandular fever ( 2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate in neonatal intensive attention unit babies. Environmental Health Perspectives. 113 ( 9 ) , 1222-1225. Retrieved April 30, 2007 from the universe broad web at www.ehponline.org/members/2005/7932/7932.pdfHealth Care Without Harm. ( 2007 ) . How to be after and keep a quicksilver thermometer exchange. Retrieved April 30, 2007 from the universe broad web at www.noharm.org/library/docs/Going_Green_How_to_Hold_a_Mercury_Thermometer_.pdfHealth Care Without Harm. ( 2006 ) . Hazards to asthma posed by indoor wellness attention environments A usher to identifying and cut downing debatable exposures. Retrieved March 22, 2007 from the universe broad web at www.noharm.org/details.cfm? type=document & A ID=1315Health Care Without Harm, News Release ( 2003 ) . New study 100 % of reacting infirmaries use pesticides in or around installations. Retrieved April 30, 2007 from the universe br oad web at www.noharm.org/details.cfm? type=document & A id=867.Health Care Without Harm ( n.d.a. ) Food The issue. Retrieved April 30, 2007 from the universe broad web at www.noharm.org/us/food/issue.Health Care Without Harm, ( n.d.b ) . Medical waste The issue. Retrieved January 13, 2007 from the universe broad web at www.noharm.org/us/medicalwaste/issue.Williams, P.W. ( 1993 ) Environmental concern pattern Ethical codifications of behavior for touristry. Hospitality Trends 7 ( 1 ) , 8-11.World Travel & A Tourism Council, World Tourism Organization, Earth Council ( 1995 ) Agenda 21 for the Travel and Tourism Industry Towards Environmentally Sustainable Development. London WTTC.World Travel & A Tourism Environment Research Centre ( WTTERC ) ( 1993 ) Travel & A Tourism Environment & A Development. Oxford WTTERCUnited Nations Environment Programme ( UNEP ) ( 1988 ) Environmental scrutinizing. Industry and Environment 11 ( 4 ) , 12-18. ( 1994 ) Environmental Codes of Conduct for Tourism. Paris UNEP, Industry and Environment. Ward-Whate, L. , BloomfieldHealy, J. ( 1998 ) well-disposed welfare Options Delivering Social Services. Sydney Allen & A Unwin.Edwards, N. and Harrison, A. ( 1999 ) The infirmary of the hereafter planning infirmaries with limited grounds. A research and policy job, British Medical Journal, 319 1361-3.MentionsChung, J. W. , and Meltzer, D. O.A Estimate of the C token of the U.S. wellness attention sector.A JAMA. 302 ( 18 ) 1970-1972, Nov. 11. 2009Zhu, H.A First eco-friendly infirmary energy works installed. Epoch Times.A Nov 4, 2009.Clark, A.A Deirdre Imus s mission to green up toxic infirmaries. GreenBiz.com.A Oct. 29, 2009.Gilbert, M.A Washington Co. schools, infirmary traveling green.A The Herald-Mail. Oct. 24, 2009.Hemingway, S.A A new shadiness of infirmary viridity. Burlington Free Press. Oct. 18, 2009Cole, B.A Wisconsin infirmary saves green by traveling green. HealthLeaders Media. Oct. 5, 2009Guenther R. Sustainable architectu re for wellness a nous displacement. Guest column. Health Environments Research & A Design Journal. 2 ( 4 ) 3-9, Summer 2009Dunlop, D.A Healthcare s green enterprise the healthy infirmary motion. vary Health Journal. Aug. 3, 2009Wu, J.A A Environmental conformity The good, the bad, and the super viridity. Journal of Environmental Management. June 30, 2009. Epub in front of print Levy, J. , Funk, P. , and Cheney, K.A A The cogeneration option salvaging money and the planet.A Healthcare Deisgn Magazine.A whitethorn 27, 2009BaldwinA G. How green was my infirmary. Health Data Management. 17 ( 4 ) 82,84, 86, Apr. 2009Harris, N. , and others.A Hospitals traveling green a holistic position of the issue and the critical function of the nurse leader.A holistic Nursing Practice. A 23 ( 2 ) 101-11, Mar./Apr. 2009Greene, J. Energy. Online auctions touted as a manner to cut down costs, go green. HospitalsA & A Health Networks. 83 ( 1 ) 17, Jan. 2009Crisp, N. , and Donaldson, L.A existent H ealth A Resource Flow and Ecological Footprint of the NHS.A Material Health, 2009Hackenbrach, J.A A Mandates and available inducements for constructing green health care facilities.A Healthcare Design.A 8 ( 12 ) 16-18, Dec. 2008Gehant, D.A Hospitals and the environment.A Frontiers of Health Services Management.A 25 ( 1 ) 3-10, Fall 2008hypertext transfer protocol //web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/EASTASIAPACIFICEXT/EXTEAPREGTOPENVIRONMENT/0, ,contentMDK20266329menuPK537827pagePK34004173piPK34003707theSitePK502886,00.htmlAppendix Outline of the proposed thesisAbstractionRecognitionsVitaList of TablesList of FiguresChapters1. entree .1.1. Statement of the Problem 1.2. Aims of the Study .1.3. Definitions .1.4. Background and Setting .1.5. Significance ..2. LITERATURE REVIEW AND EMPIRICAL MODEL ..2.1. Literature Reappraisal 2.1.1. Green Practices in Healthcare and Tourism Management ..2.1.2. Customers .2.1.3. Industry ..2.1.4. The Impact of Green Practices 2.1.5. Areas of Green Practices 2.1.6. Research Questions ..2.2. Theoretical Model ..2.2.1. Theory of Planned Behavior 2.3. Hypothesiss Development .2.3.1. demographics and Attitudes 2.3.2. Demographics and Subjective Norms .2.3.3. Demographics and sensed behavioural Control 2.3.4. Attitude towards Green Practices in Hospitals ..2.3.5. Subjective Norm on Green Practices ..2.3.6. Perceived Behavioral Control of Visiting Green Hospitals 3. single-valued funct ion .3.1. Research Design and Subject Selection 3.2. Result Measures ..viii3.2.1. Independent Variables 3.2.2. Dependent Variable .3.3. Data Analysis 4. Consequence 4.1. Internal Consistency Reliability ..4.2. Demographic Characteristics 4.3. Green Areas ..4.4. Correlation of Importance of Green Areas with Demographic Characteristic 4.5. Willingness to Pay .4.6. Hypothesiss aa Linear Arrested developments .4.6.1. Demographics on Attitudes ..4.6.2. Demographics on Subjective Norm .4.6.3. Demographics on Perceived Behavioral Control ..4.6.4. Attitudes, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control on Intention 4.7. Multicollinearity .4.8. Linear Regressions Split by Hospitals ..4.8.1. Attitudes by Hospital ..4.8.2. Subjective Norm by Hospital .4.8.3. Perceived Behavioral Control by Hospital ..4.8.4. Forecasters of Behavioral Intention by Hospital .4.9. Qualitative informations 5. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION ..5.1. Drumhead .5.1.1. Research Questions ..5.1.2. Theory of Planned Behavior 5.2. Deductions 5.3. Restrictions .5.4. Future Research ..

Psychology and Information Making Decisions Essay

Taking The MBTI test is a good step that provides insights into behaviour financial aid people understand themselves as well as understanding other people that they are in daily contact with, so that they can queue up a way to making things work properly. The MBTI measures four preferences Focus of attention, Acquiring information Making decisions, and External orientation.In my opinion this test is a truly important step if you were in a position to select a team members or if you were a project manager and you want to select your employee or you were the project manager and want to know your team composition, knowing their BMTI results will help you know if they are the right people for the job or non or you can even put together people who you think will work better together because their personality are convenient.This test is not only useful in your professional life but also in your personal life, it can be used in personal emergence like when you get word yourself in a c ertain position that you dont know how to deal with you can use the test indicators to explore yourself and find the points of weakness you have and try to find a way to overcome them. Also it can be used for marriage counselling, leadership training and so onAlthough this test can be used as a way to measure behaviours but you cannot fully depend on it, because sometimes behaviour depends on certain situation that surprise you of the way you behaved. Finally, this test is just a general guide, the percentage you get in it does not mean that you have a strong or weak personality it is just a way that simplify the way you deal with different matters in your life.

Philosophical View of the Little Prince Essay

Sartre be dissimulationves that most relationship start extinct non because they atomic number 18 attracted to peerless another, save it is because of how maven makes the other look ab turn up himself/herself by how the other looks at him/her. They need sever solelyy other in order to see themselves by basing it on the look of the other. This arrangement is often mis fall uponnly get alongn as va allowage exclusively it is really just both participants universe enslaved by the look of the other that they feel the need to prove that they harbor control over the look. According to Sartre, love is the first attitude that one develops towards the other. But with this so-called love, one tries to understand the others freedom while alike trying to preserve his freedom, thus creating conflict between the two participants. The paper will focus on love and the self-other relation finished the story of the shortsighted Prince. Through this book, the real essence of love is t o be explained in creese with the self-other relation. The concept of The Look will be used to explain the conflict of the characters in the story, especially the story of the rosaceous wine and the comminuted Prince.The Look is to see yourself how others see you. You are conscious of your earthly concern because you are aware that others see you. The book of The petite Prince tells us the story of a pilot who crashed and was abandon in the desert which is also a personal experience of the author where he meets the slim Prince. The Little Prince tells the pilot ab out(a) his tours and his experiences. The paper intends to tackle love and the self-other relation through the Little Prince, The Little Princes journeys, and the Pilot himself. In relation to love and the self-other relation, the story of the rose and the Little Prince is a good archetype to explain the real essence of love.The Little Princes love for his artificial satellite is to be given accent mark in th is paper in line with him beingness the caretaker of it. Also, the paper will talk or so the journey of the Little Prince and use this to explain why adults do not see what is deep inside but sees what is on the surface. The Pilots low opinion of adults will be explained through the self-other relation found on the experiences of the Little Prince in his journey. Lastly, the conversation between the thrust and the Little Prince will be stard out to full answer and explain why we are trustworthy for the one/s we love. It is sole(prenominal) with the mettle that one fag see rightly what is essential is invisible to the eye. Using the quote, the real essence of love is to be explained and flat coat out the conflicting feelings of the Little Prince towards the rose before and after his conversation with the fox.HOW measurable WAS THE ROSE TO THE LITTLE PRINCE? WHY DID THE LITTLE PRINCE LEAVE HIS PLANET?The Little Prince sees himself as the caretaker of Asteroid B-612 because that is his home. The angular is so tiny that he can watch the sunset forty-four times in a single day. His whole human race, his life has been nothing but a bore, doing the same thing e precise single day. He watches every seed that sprouts out of the ground making sure that those seeds are not Baobabs and are not a threat to his home. He does nothing but makes sure that the Baobabs are taken out every time they start to sprout so that they would not destroy his home. Until one day, a mirthful seed shot up from the ground and he worried that this might be a modernistic kind of Baobabs but it ended up being a flower he has never seen before a rose so beautiful that he could not restrain his admiration. For the first time, he mat like he had another purpose in the planet and that is to love and protect the rose from harm. The Little Prince took care of the rose by watering it, protecting it from the wind, and from other potential harm. Through the rose, the Little Prince prece pt himself as something much more than he was before the rose came.It was like the rose gave him another reason to exist. He needed the rose to realize his own importance and to seek another meaning for his existence. For example, when Lestat dark Louis into a vampire, he was happy because he found a friend, he knew that Louis needed him and that gave his vampire-existence meaning. Louis needed Lestat as a friend, as a teacher, and a lover. A friend in terms of giving each other company, as a teacher since he is new to this life, and a lover because Lestat makes and tells Louis that he is a beautiful creature no one is to be compared to Louis beauty. Lestat, knowing that Louis needs him, makes him feel like he is alpha and suddenly, there is more than just being a vampire. In relation to the story of the Little Prince and the rose, the Little Prince matt-up his importance because he knew that the rose needed him to survive. Without him, the cold winds of the night would just take the rose a carriage, ending its life.The Little Prince knew this so he took care of the rose very well because he cannot afford to lose the rose. He was attached to it and he knew that he loved the rose. The rose makes him feel very special and he sees himself as the caretaker of it because the rose sees him as its caretaker. He finds the definition of his being through the rose and when he started questioning the rose because he caught it lying, he also inquiryed his being. He felt like that him, being the caretaker and the lover of the rose, is not the real him because the rose lied to him and the rose could be lying to him the whole time. He could not see himself as the caretaker, the friend, and the lover of the rose because he also started doubting himself when he started doubting the rose. He also questioned his love for the rose and said but I was too young to know to love her.He started doubting his knowledge astir(predicate) love when at the start, it was already eviden t that he knew about love because of how he took care of his planet and the more when the rose arrived. He power saw himself as the rose saw him so when the rose lied to him, he saw himself as nothing. He felt like the rose didnt see him as someone special because it lied to him and so he saw himself as nothing special. This led him to leave his dear planet but he didnt leave without putting everything in order. Even before it leaving it, he still showed love for his planet and to the rose even if he himself doubts his own love. He needed to see himself in another way aside from how the rose sees him and he hoped to find this through his journey.WHY DO ADULTS TEND TO SEE WHAT IS ON THE SURFACE INSTEAD OF WHAT LIES BENEATH ACCORDING TO THE PILOT? HOW IS THIS EVIDENT BASED ON THE LITTLE PRINCES JOURNEYS? I would bring myself down to his level. I would talk to him about bridge, and golf, and politics, and neckties. And the grown-up would be greatly pleased to shit met such(prenominal ) a sensible man. The Pilots notion about the adults never changed. He ceaselessly sees adults as ones who need constant explanations for them to be able to understand things. The adults lonesome(prenominal) see what they think is of the essence(p) to society and they tend to neglect what is deep inside. Take the Turkish astronomer for an example, when he presented his findings in his local anesthetic attire, the adults made delight of him and did not believe him. But when he changed what he was wearing into something more refreshing and presented the exact same thing, the adults believed him and accepted his findings.The Turkish changed his appearance because he needed the society to accept him and for this to happen, he needed to change. He saw himself as someone worthless and someone to be made fun of just because the others saw his works worthless and made fun of him. He was not a Turkish astronomer without his audience accepting his works. Also, in the Little Princes journ ey where he met the King. The King saw himself as the King of everything because he believes that that is his purpose. His commands are already what the people are expected to do. He sees himself as king because he thinks that he controls the stars, by commanding them to shine, and they do of course because they are stars but the stars, being the other, is a very important factor in the Kings self because through the stars obeying his command, he believes that he has rule over them, therefrom he is king. Same as the other people or things he thinks that he has control over just because he is already commanding them something they are vatic to do.The Little Princes visit on the planet of the fruitless man was very short for the conceited man does not know anything but to be admired. Without his admirers, he is nothing. To be able to be vain, he needed constant admiration from the visitors of his planet. The Little Prince simply did not understand why the conceited man needed to b e admired. The Tippler, on the other hand, cannot live without his bad drinking ha berths because that is what makes him the tippler. If he chose not to drink ever again, then he would no longer need alcohol and then he would lose sense of what he really is for being a tippler is what he has been his whole life. The businessman, who keep downed stars because he thinks that by doing this he owns them and could buy more if any are to be discovered, knew nothing but to count stars. Again, without the stars, he is nothing. There is nothing else to count that would require a lifetime.He found his being through the stars and by doing so, he felt like he owned the stars and is amenable for them. By doing so, he took international his own freedom by obsessing over the stars and letting the stars control his life. The Little Princes visit to the lamp luminousness was different because according to him, the lamp lighter was not absurd like the others. The lamp lighter was faithful to his orders and he knew what he was doing and it served a purpose. To light the lamp at night means to give light in darkness, and to put it out in daylight because there already is light. The lamp lighters lamp is the Little Princes rose. The lamp lighter is trusty for the lamp the same way the Little Prince is responsible for his rose. The geographer was just like the others whose job is a little bit absurd. He is a geographer but has not explored any planet, even his.He just sat butt joint his desk and writes whatever his explorers have for him. All of the Little Princes visits, the adults spoke of the same thing matters of consequence. The adults only saw what is important to the eye because through this, they find themselves important too. They think of the material things because this has value concrete value and to own something with great value means being one of great value too. This is all evident because they are all concerned with matters of consequence. The adults do no t see what is beneath because they worry about how caring about something foolish would make them foolish and they cannot let see others see them foolish because then, being foolish would be their identifier. The adults concern themselves with only important things so that others would see them as important and they only see themselves as important because others see them that way.WHY ARE WE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ONE/S WE roll in the hay?The Little Prince asked, What is it to tame? The fox replies, It is to establish ties to me, you are nothing more than a little boy who is just like a hundred thousand other little boys and I have no need of you But if you tame me, then we shall need each other. To me, you will be unique in the entire world. To you, I shall be unique in all the world. In this dialogue between the fox and the Little Prince, the fox explains to the Little Prince the value of taming one. He explained that through taming, you are able to establish a relationship with ea ch other. Because of this, the Little Prince was enlightened on how the rose is still unique even if he found a garden of rose in the desert. He took care of the rose until it grew and they established a relationship. They needed each other. The Little Prince needed the rose because he was the one who nurtured it and the rose needed the Little Prince because it needs someone to nurture itself.He realized that all the other roses are beautiful but empty. He knew that his rose is beautiful and unique because they share something that the other roses do not have. They have love for each other and they have given each other the gift of friendship. His love makes him responsible for the rose because it was his love for it that started the attachment. He encouraged the rose to depend on him and by showing it that he will always be there to protect and nurture it, hence him being responsible for its safety and existence. When you start to love someone, by showing your care and affection fo r him/her, you are somehow taming him/her, therefore making you responsible for him/her. With this realization, the Little Prince was happy because he knew that what the rose told him was not really a lie and so he saw himself again as someone special special because he is responsible for the rose, which is of great value for him for he has tamed it.Not only did the Little Prince learn about the important of his rose and his own importance, he also learned about love. The thing he thought he was too young to know of, is now something he knows best about. It is only with the heart that one can see rightly what is essential is invisible to the eye. The Little Princes mind is now clear of his doubts for the rose. He now knows why the rose is very important to him. It is the time you have wasted for your rose that makes your rose so important. You become responsible, forever, for what you have tamed. You are responsible for your rose. The Little Prince kept repeating this to himself so that he would no longer forget and doubt the roses uniqueness, causing him to also forget and doubt his.CONCLUSIONLove and the self-other relation was the explained through the story of The Little Prince. Three main arguments were presented (1) the roses importance to the Little Prince and his reason for leaving his planet, (2) the probable reason why adults only see what is on the exterior and not what is inside, and (3) to give explanation on our tariff towards the people we love. To explain the roses importance to the Little Prince, the Little Prince as the caretaker of his planet was used to why the roses existence changed his. He was just a simple prince taking care of his planet until a flower of such beauty arrived and he had another purpose in the planet. This newfound purpose was used to elaborate why the Little Prince felt the need to leave his planet and clear his mind of his doubts.The journey of the Little Prince and his stories about the different habitants of each pl anet he visited were used to reason out the adults way of perceiving things, in line with the self-other relation and through the use of The Look. Finally, the last part of the paper explains ones responsibility for the things or people he/she loves through the wise words of the fox to the Little Prince. The quote, you become responsible for what you have tamed, was used to explain why exactly are you responsible for it by line up it with why the rose is that much of important to the Little Prince. In summary, love and the self-other relation are virtually related because love is the first attraction that develops towards the other. Some just find conflict with the other because they let the look consume their freedom too much that they often confuse their feelings for it for something else.References1. Antoine de Saint-Exupry, The Little Prince (London Egmont Books Limited, 2002), 5-89.2. Noelle L. de la Cruz, Sartre on being-for-others & Interview with a Vampire (1994) (presenta tion at De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines, November 19, 2012).3. Foxfoo, The Little Prince-Personal Footnotes, http//foxfoo.blogspot.com/2008/01/little-prince-personal-footnotes.html (January, 2008).

Ultrasonic Speed Measurement

ULTRA SONIC SPEED MEASUREMENT catch A PROJECT REPORT Submitted in partial fulfillment Of requirements for portray of the degree Of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY In ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING By Nimisha Sharma Nishant Tyagi Gaurav Sharma pic Department of Electronics & communication engineering Radha Govind engineering College Meerut, U. P 2009-2010 ULTRA SONIC SPEED MEASUREMENT DEVICE By Nimisha sharma Nishant tyagi Gaurav sharma pic Department of Electronics & communication engineering Radha govind plan College Meerut, U. P 2009-2010 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTBefore we get in to thick of things we would like to add a few readtfelt invents for the people who were the part of the visit in numerous ways. People who gave un curioing support right from the stage the idea were conceived. In particular, we desire to thank Mr. P. K Singh Head of the Department, Electronics & Communication and Mr. Abhishek Singh lecturer, Electronics & Communication Department for providing this opportunit y to us. After doing this throw up we female genital organ confidently consecrate that this experience would no only enriched us with technical knowledge but alike has unparsed the maturity of thought and vision . he attributes required being a successful professional. Gaurav Sharma Nimisha Sharma Nishant Tyagi CANDIDATES DECLARATION We, here by certify that the work which is being presented in the stick out report authorise Ultra sonic speed mensuration device in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in Electronics & Communication plan submitted in the department of Electronics & Communication Engineering of the Institute, is an au indeedtic record of our own work carried out during final year of B. tech degree nether the supervision of Mr. P.K Singh Head of the Department, Electronics & Communication and Mr. Abhishek Singh lecturer, Department Electronics & Communication Project group- Gaurav Sharma (0606931023) Nimisha S harma (0606931045) Nishant Tyagi (0606931047) This is to certify that the in a higher place statement made by the above basindidates is correct to the better(p) of my knowledge. Mr. P. K Singh Mr.Abhishek Singh (H. O. D) (Lecturer) Dept. of Electronics & Comm. Dept. of Electronics & Comm. R. G. E. C R. G. E. C Meerut, U. P Meerut, U. P Date. Date. Place Place TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION a. MEANING OF THE banter PROJECT . ABSTRACT c. PARTS OF SPEED MEASUREMENT DEVICE. 2. GENERAL DISCRIPTION AND FEATURES OF MICRO CONTROLLER . 3. ironwargon DISCRIPTION a. VOLTAGE REGULATOR LM 7805. b. COMPONENTS . 4. PCB LAYOUT a. STEPS FOR MAKING PCB .. b. CIRCUIT LAY OUT .. 5. SOFTWARE platform .. 6. TESTING.. 7. TROUBLESHOOTING .. 8.CONCLUSION 9. REFERENCES 10. APPENDIX.. INTRODUCTION MEANING OF PROJECT The take to gives the signifi croupece of the fol for the first clipping baseing dramatics of engineering P-signifies the phenomenon of planning which deals with symbolic nati on and proper ar beginment of sense and suggestion receptivity whence to the needs R-it is associate with the word resources which guides to promote planning . OJ-this letter signifies the overhead expenses in unestimated expenses that may run in the manufacture design or layout of the project.E- signifies the word engineering. C- signifies the convey slightly phenomenon of construction low romainet. T-the word T stands for technique. unless there is a technique it is impossible to complete the project . The conclusion thus arrived is that project is a systematic consideration discussed and proposal in a particular subject . we corporation say that project accepts complete requirement of mechanism , tools , application and needs. It considers the circuit plot and mixed operational performances in sequence and data about the instrument and in the last we can say about the project profit loss. CERTIFICATEThis is to certify that Mr. GAURAV SHARMA, student of B. Tech (Electronics & communication Engineering) Final year from Radha Govind Engineering College has success wide-cuty completed his project ULTRA SPEED MEASUREMENT DEVICE. During the project period he was operative under the guidance of Mr. Abhishek Singh (lecturer, Electronics & Communication Engineering Department). His performance during the project has been Excellent. We wish him all the best for his future. Mr. P. K Singh Mr. Abhishek Singh (H. O.D) (Lecturer) Electronics & Comm. Dept. Electronics & Comm. Dept. R. G. E. C R. G. E. C Meerut, (U. P) Meerut, (U. P) CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Ms. NIMISHA SHARMA, student of B. Tech (Electronics & communication Engineering) Final year from Radha Govind Engineering College has successfully completed her project ULTRA SPEED MEASUREMENT DEVICE.During the project period she was works under the guidance of Mr. Abhishek Singh (lecturer, Electronics & Communication Engineering Department). Her performance during the project has been Excellent. We wish her all the best for her future. Mr. P. K Singh Mr. Abhishek Singh (H. O. D) (Lecturer) Electronics & Comm. Dept. Electronics & Comm. Dept. R. G. E. C R. G. E.C Meerut, (U. P) Meerut, (U. P) CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. NISHANT TYAGI, student of B. Tech (Electronics & communication Engineering) Final year from Radha Govind Engineering College has successfully completed his project ULTRA SPEED MEASUREMENT DEVICE. During the project period he was working under the guidance of Mr. Abhishek Singh (lecturer, Electronics & Communication Engineering Department). His performance during the project has been Excellent. We wish him all the best for his future. Mr. P.K Singh Mr. Abhishek Singh (H. O. D) (Lecturer) Electronics & Comm. Dept. Electronics & Comm. Dept. R. G. E. C R. G. E. C Meerut, (U. P) Meerut, (U. P) CHAPTER 1 ABOUT OUR PROJECT Our project the supersonic speed beat device is apply to quantify speed of a vehicle moving in front of it victimization supersonic flutters.The concept of utilise ultrasonic waves instead of any other communicating tools as infr atomic number 18d light and RF is its high preciseness and very less interference by the surrounding. There can various methods that can be opted to design this instrument such as Doppler Effect etc. but we declare utilize the concept of outstrip measurement at a regular interval. The pulse is being communicate at a regular interval and the corresponding standoffishness is mensurable of the two pulses. The difference in the blanks is observed and is then divided by the time duration between the two pulses. As ext destruction the corresponding speed is reserveed.The range of this device is directly dep shoemakers lastent on the performance of the s destructioner and the pass catcher. higher(prenominal) the transmitting and receiving frequence better depart be its range. Mathematical analysis(hypothetical) The duration of pulse is 5 milliseconds. The distance for the call attention1 be say 3 cm. The distance for the signal2 be say 2. 95 cm. Difference of distances is (3-2. 95) = . 05 cm. Speed = distance/ time Speed = . 05/5 = 10 meters/sec ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE The major advantages of our project are One of the major advantages our project is its multi utility.It can be used as 1 Speed measurement 2 Distance measurement 3 Car parking controller The other advantage of this project is its cost. Its cost is less than 1000 INR. The precise result is one much advantage of our project. Limitation of our project. The major disadvantage of our project is its range. Due to the use of low frequency transmitter and recipient. postgraduate frequency transmitter and receiver give higher range of upto 10 to 15 mtrs Block diagram pic Circuit diagram Working In our project inaudible Speed Measurement Device we are going to measure the speed of a moving vehicle.For this we are using the supersonic Sensors. We first lift a 40 kc signal by taking the time period of 25 microseconds. Then we actually generate the pulse burst with a delay of 5 milliseconds. For this we programmed the microcontroller. We s set aside the pulse by pressing the piece that is connected to the declension no. 1 of the microcontroller. At this moment the distance of the object from the device is measured and is stored in the microcontroller. Then after the delay of 5 milliseconds the second pulse hits the moving object. Again the distance of the object is measured and is stored in the microcontroller.Then we can easily find out the difference in the distance by simply subtracting these two distances. Now we agree the distance and also the time. Therefore by the formula speed = distance / time we can find out the speed of the moving object. In the transmitter part we have LM311which is a potentiality comparator and is used here as the precision squarer whose pin no. 2 is connected to the pin no. 2 of the microcontroller. Then at pin no. 7 and pin no. 8 the ultrasonic transmitter is placed. In the receiver part we have LM833 for amplification and 74HC14N as the Hex inverting Schmitt trigger. The pin no. 1 of 74HC14N is connected to the pin no. of LM833. The ultrasonic receiver is connected between pin no. 6 of LM833 and ground. These ultrasonic transmitter and receiver are placed close to each other so that there will be minimum noise. wherefore ultrasonic signal ? ULTRA-sonic is a labored wave with a frequency above the normal range of human hearing. Most humans can hear up to 16,000 Hertz. Young people can hear almost to 20,000 Hertz. Bats and mice and other small critters can hear much higher and use those sounds to see the dry land around them. An ultrasonic imaging device s final stages a signal into a medium and then listens for the reflected waves.The more(prenominal) receiving transducers you use to pick up the sound the better you can tell what you are looking at. Reflected waves will ambit one receiver before the next b ased on where the reflecting object is located. Electronics are fast ample to determine the direction and distance to the reflected objects. Also the higher the frequency you broadcast the better resolution you will see. A computer is interfaced with an array of receiving tranceducers and it calculates the direction and distance that the many echos must represent and then it plots the try of the results.The Image can be displayed or printed. In ultrasonic non destructive testing, high-frequency sound vibrations are convey into material by an ultrasonic transducer. The test instrument then analyzes the ultrasonic signals which are received using either a pulse-echo or through-transmission method. In the pulse-echo mode, the transmitting transducer also serves as the ultrasonic receiver and analyzes the reflected signal with respect to amplitude and time. In the through-transmission mode, the ultrasonic signal is received by a separate transducer which analyzes the amplitude loss of signal.These ultrasonic NDT methods will indicate material defects such as longitudinal and transverse cracks, inclusions and others as well as ID/OD dimensions and dimensional changes such as thickness and ovality. Components Component required 1. Ultrasonic Transmitter and Receiver 2. Resistor 3. Capacitor 4. Crystal 5. Preset 6. Switch 7. LCD 8. Power picture 9. ICs LM833 LM311 74HC14N 7805 10. Micro controller AT89S52 11. Wires 12. Burst Strip 13. IC Base Specification unhearable SENSORS pic Selection and use of ultrasonic ceramic transducers The purpose of this application note is to aid the user in the selection and application of the Ultrasonic ceramic transducers. The general transducer design features a piezo ceramic disc curve that is resonant at a nominal frequency of 20 60 KHz and radiates or receives ultrasonic energy. They are distinguished from the piezo ceramic audio transducer in that they produce sound waves above 20 KHz that are inaudible to humans an d the ultrasonic energy is radiated or received in a relatively narrow beam.The undetermined type ultrasonic transducer design exposes the piezo b land uper bonded with a metal conical strobile behind a protective screen. The enclosed type transducer design has the piezo b give uper mounted directly on the underside of the top of the case which is then machined to resonant at the desired frequency. The PT and EP type transducer has more internal damper for minimizing ringing, which usually operates as a transceiver oscillating in a hornswoggle period and then exchange to receiving mode. Comparative incinerateacteristics When compared to the enclosed transducer, the open type receiver will develop more electrical output at a given sound pressure train (high sensitivity) and possess less reduction in output as the operating frequency deviates from normal resonant frequency (greater bandwidth). The open type transmitter will produce more output for a specific fuck off take a im (more efficient). The enclosed type transducer is designed for very dispely or outdoor applications. The face of the transducer must be kept clean and free of damage to prevent losses.The transmitter is designed to have low resistor at the resonant frequency to obtain high mechanical efficiency. The receiver is constructed to maximize the impedance at the specified anti-resonant frequency to provide high electrical efficiency. Sound propagation In ordering to properly select a transducer for a given application, it is important to be aware of the principles of sound propagation. Since sound is a wave phenomenon, its propagation and directivity are related to its wavelength (? ). A typical radiation great power pattern for either a generator or receiver of waves is shown in Figure 1.Due to the reciprocity of transmission and reception, the graph portrays both power radiated along a given direction (in case of wave production), and the sensitivity along a given direction (in case of wave reception). As an example of a typical situation, a transducer of 400ET250 has an effective diam of 23 mm (1mm wall thickness) will produce a main beam (-6dB) with full width of 30 at a frequency of 40 KHz. For open type transducers, the beam is decided by the angular and diameter of conical cone attached on the b abateer inside of housing and the opening diameter so it can not be simply calculated by the diameter of the housing.The intensity of sound waves pass with the distance from the sound source, as baron be expected for any wave phenomenon. This decrease is principal a combination of two effects. The first is the inverse square law or spherical divergence in which the intensity drop 6dB per distance doubled. This rate is common to all wave phenomena regardless of frequency. The second effect causing the intensity to decrease is the absorption of the wave by the air (see figure 2). Absorption effects vary with humidity and dust content of the air and most impor tantly, they vary with frequency of the wave.Absorption at 20 KHz is about 0. 02dB/30 cm. It is clear that lower frequencies are better suited for long range propagation. Of course, the selection of a lower frequency will result in less directivity (for a given diameter of source of receiver). pic How far the transducer could reach? One of the most frequently asked questions is How far the transducer could reach? . This question can be answered by a simple calculation that is based on the published specifications in the Ultrasonic Ceramic Transducer Data Sheets.The basic procedure is to first determine the minimum sound pressure direct developed at the front residual of the receiver for a specific transmitter driving electric potential and distance between the transmitter and receiver (transceiver has double distance between reflect target). This SPL must then be converted Pa (Pascal) or ? bar (microbar) units. The sensitivity of the receiver must then be converted from a dB refe rence to an absolute mV/Pa or ? bar level resent to obtain the final output. Assume a 400ST160 transmitter is driven at a level of 20Vrms and a 400SR160 receiver is located 5 meters from the ransmitter and loaded with a 3. K Ohm resistor (loaded resistor esteem varies receiver sensitivity, please see Acoustic Performance of transducer data sheet). The analysis is necessary to the fundamental reasonableness of the principals of sound wave propagation and detection but it is tedious. The figure 10 below is a graphic representation of previous analysis which may be used once in the SPL at the receiver is determined. Enter the graph from the SPL axis and proceed upward to an intersection with dB sensitivity level of the receiver using the 1V/? bar referenced data. Follow a horizontal strain to the Y axis to obtain the receiver output in V.At Receiver Ultrasonic echo ranging Ultrasonic ranging systems are used to determine the distance to an object by measuring the time required for an ultrasonic wave to strike to the object and guide to the source. This technique is frequently referred to as echo ranging. The distance to the object may be related to the time it will take for an ultrasonic pulse to propagate the distance to the object and return to the source by dividing the total distance by the speed of sound which is 344 meters/second or 13. 54 inches/millisecond. ICs pic BASIC OF LM833Low noise dual operational amplifier It is a monolithic dual operational amplifier particularly well suited for audio applications. It Offers low voltage noise (4. 5nV/vHz) and high frequency performances (15MHz Gain Bandwidth Product, 7V/? s slew rate). In addition the LM833 has also a very low torment (0. 002%) and excellent phase/gain margins. pic TOP VIEW AND gloaming SET pic Features of LM833 LOW VOLTAGE intervention 4. 5nV/vHz HIGH GAIN BANDWIDTH PRODUCT 15MHz HIGH SLEW RATE 7V/? s LOW DISTORTION 0. 002% brilliant FREQUENCY STABILITY ESD PROTECTION 2kV Bas ic of LM311The LM111 series are voltage comparators that have input currents slightly a hundred times lower than devices like the mA710. They are designed to operate over a wider range of supply voltages from standard 15 V op amp supplies garbage down to a single 3 V supply. Their output is compatible with RTL, DTL, and TTL as well as MOS circuits. Further, they can drive lamps or relays, switching voltages up to 50 V at currents as high as 50mA. Both the inputs and the outputs of the LM111 series can be isolated from system ground, and the output can drive loads referred to ground, the positive supply, or the prejudicial supply.Offset balancing and strobe capability are provided and outputs can be wire-ORed. Although slower than the mA710 (200 ns response time versus 40 ns), the devices are also much less prone to spurious oscillations. pic TOP VIEW AND PIN SET pic features FEATURES Operates from single 3 V supply (LM311B) Maximum input bias current cl nA (LM311 250 nA) Maxim um offset current 20 nA (LM311 50 nA) Differential input voltage range 30 V Power consumption 135 mW at 15 V High sensitivity 200 V/mV Zero crossing detector 7805The 7805 series of three-terminal positive regulator are available in the TO-220/D-PAK package and with several fixed output voltages, making them useful in a wide range of applications. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shut down and safe operating area protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can ingest over 1A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents. pic 1 2 3 pic Internal diagram pic Features Output up-to-date up to 1A Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V Thermal Overload Protection Short Circuit Protection Output transistor Safe Operating Area Protection 74HC14N HEX SCHMITT TRIGGER INVERTER Basic of 7414 Each circuit functions as an inverter, but because of the Schmitt action, it has different input threshold levels for positive (VT+) and for negative going(Vt-) signals. These circuit are temperature compensated and can be triggered from the slowest Micro controller AT89S52 Basic of AT89S52 The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable frighten away memory.The device is fabricate using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry- standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit mainframe computer with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a t residualinous microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.The AT89S52 provi des the following standard features 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O rail word of mouths, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to null frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU combustm allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning.The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, incapacitating all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset. pic Features of AT89S52 Compatible with MCS-51 Products 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash shop Endurance 1000 Write/Erase Cycles 4. 0V to 5. 5V Operating Range Fully Static Operation 0 Hz to 33 MHz Three-level Program Memory Lock 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM 3 2 Programmable I/O Lines Three 16-bit Timer/Counters Eight Interrupt Sources Full Duplex UART Serial passageway Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode Watchdog Timer Dual Data Pointer Power-off iris Fast Programming Time Flexible ISP Programming (Byte and Page Mode) Coding assembly descent 1 allow CLINE0 break off of contention 0 telephone circuit 1 /* CLINE1 remainder of ancestry 1 declination 2 SFR31. H CLINE2 hold on of identify 2 bourne 3 procure 1995 SPJ Systems, Pune CLINE3 hold back of absorb 3 seam 4 CLINE4 eradicate of distribution channel 4 contestation 5 This header file contains SFR declarations for the CPU 8031 CLINE5 revoke of stock 5 make 6 Please note that you will have to hold SFR31. H in your program, if you CLINE6 polish off of strain 6 livestock 7 wish to access the SFRs from your C program. CLINE7 halt of stemma 7 get out 8 */ CLINE8 halt of draw in of busin ess 8 suck 9 CLINE9 end of beginning 9 argumentation 10 SFRACC0xe0 CLINE10 ACCequ0e0h end of guide 10 define 11 SFRREG_B0xf0 CLINE11 REG_Bequ0f0h end of distribution channel 11 overseas telegram 12 SFRPSW0xd0 CLINE12 PSWequ0d0h end of bourne 12 assembly fund 13 SFRSP0x81 CLINE13 SPequ081h end of railroad 13 caper 14 SFRDPL0x82 CLINE14 DPLequ082h end of decipher 14 tonal pattern 15 SFRDPH0x83 CLINE15 DPHequ083h end of billet 15 telephone limit 16 SFRP00x80 CLINE16 P0equ080h end of statement 16 draw off 17 SFRP10x90 CLINE17 P1equ090h end of cable television service 17 phone disembowel 18 SFRP20xa0 CLINE18 P2equ0a0h end of distinguish 18 var. 19 SFRP30xb0 CLINE19 P3equ0b0h end of line 19 line 20 SFRIP0xb8 CLINE20 IPequ0b8h end of line 20 line 21 SFRIE0xa8 CLINE21 IEequ0a8h end of line 21 line 22 SFRTMOD0x89 CLINE22 TMODequ089h end of line 22 line 23 SFRTCON0x88 CLINE23 TCONequ088h end of line 23 line 24 SFRTH00x8c CL INE24 TH0equ08ch end of line 24 line 25 SFRTL00x8a CLINE25 TL0equ08ah end of line 25 line 26 SFRTH10x8d CLINE26 TH1equ08dh end of line 26 line 27 SFRTL10x8b CLINE27 TL1equ08bh end of line 27 line 28 SFRSCON0x98 CLINE28 SCONequ098h end of line 28 line 29 SFRSBUF0x99 CLINE29 SBUFequ099h end of line 29 line 30 SFRPCON0x87 CLINE30PCONequ087h end of line 30 line 31 CLINE31 end of line 31 line 2 CLINE0 end of line 0 line 1 /* gasconade. h CLINE1 end of line 1 line 2 CLINE2 end of line 2 line 3 Copyright (c) SPJ Systems 1998 CLINE3 end of line 3 line 4 solely Rights Reserved. CLINE4 end of line 4 line 5 */ CLINE5 end of line 5 line 6 CLINE6 end of line 6 line 7 specialize FLT_RADIX2 CLINE7 end of line 7 line 8 define FLT_DIG6 CLINE8 end of line 8 line 9 CLINE9 end of line 9 line 10 define FLT_MANT_DIG24 CLINE10 end of line 10 line 11 define FLT_MAX_EXP+128 CLINE11 end of line 11 line 12 define FLT_MIN_EXP-125 CLINE12 end of line 12 line 13 CLINE13 end of line 13 line 3 CLINE0 end of line 0 line 1 definestart_timer0()asmsetbtcon. 4 CLINE1 end of line 1 line 2 definestop_timer0()asmclrtcon. 4 CLINE2 end of line 2 line 3 definestart_timer1()asmsetbtcon. 6 CLINE3 end of line 3 line 4 definestop_timer1()asmclrtcon. 6 CLINE4 end of line 4 line 5 defineex0_edge()asmsetbtcon. 0 CLINE5 end of line 5 line 6 defineex0_level()asmclrtcon. 0 CLINE6 end of line 6 line 7 defineex1_edge()asmsetbtcon. 2 CLINE7 end of line 7 line 8 defineex1_level()asmclrtcon. 2CLINE8 end of line 8 line 9 defineenable_rx()asmsetbscon. 4 CLINE9 end of line 9 line 10 definedisable_rx()asmclrscon. 4 CLINE10 end of line 10 line 11 defineclr_ti()asmclrscon. 1 CLINE11 end of line 11 line 12 defineclr_ri()asmclrscon. 0 CLINE12 end of line 12 line 13 defineenable_ex0()asmorlie,81h CLINE13 end of line 13 line 14 defineenable_t0()asmorlie,82h CLINE14 end of line 14 line 15 defineenable_ex1()asmorlie,84h CLINE15 end of line 15 line 16 defineenable_t1()asmorlie,88h CLINE16 end of line 16 line 17 defineenable_ser()asmorlie,90h CLINE17 end of line 17 line 18 defineenable_t2()asmorlie,0a0h CLINE18 end of line 18 line 19 defineenable_all()asmmovie,0bfh CLINE19 end of line 19 line 20 defineenable()asmsetbie. 7 sets only the MSB CLINE20 end of line 20 line 21 definedisable_ex0()asmanlie,0feh CLINE21 end of line 21 line 22 definedisable_t0()asmanlie,0fdh CLINE22 end of line 22 line 23 definedisable_ex1()asmanlie,0fbh CLINE23 end of line 23 line 24 definedisable_t1()asmanlie,0f7h CLINE24 end of line 24 line 25 definedisable_ser()asmanlie,0efh CLINE25 end of line 25 line 26 definedisable_t2()asmanlie,0dfh CLINE26 end of line 26 line 27 definedisable_all()asmmovie,0 CLINE27 end of line 27 line 28 definedisable()asmclrie. 7 clears only the MSB CLINE28 end of line 28 line 29 defineset_hi_ex0()asmorlip,1h CLINE29 end of line 29 line 30 defineset_hi_t0( )asmorlip,2h CLINE30 end of line 30 line 31 defineset_hi_ex1()asmorlip,4h CLINE31 end of line 31 line 32 defineset_hi_t1()asmorlip,8h CLINE32 end of line 32 line 33 defineset_hi_ser()asmorlip,10h CLINE33 end of line 33 line 34 defineset_hi_t2()asmorlip,20h CLINE34 end of line 34 line 35 defineset_lo_ex0()asmanlip,0fehCLINE35 end of line 35 line 36 defineset_lo_t0()asmanlip,0fdh CLINE36 end of line 36 line 37 defineset_lo_ex1()asmanlip,0fbh CLINE37 end of line 37 line 38 defineset_lo_t1()asmanlip,0f7h CLINE38 end of line 38 line 39 defineset_lo_ser()asmanlip,0efh CLINE39 end of line 39 line 40 defineset_lo_t2()asmanlip,0dfh CLINE40 end of line 40 line 41 defineset_double_baud()asmorlpcon,80h CLINE41 end of line 41 line 42 defineclr_double_baud()asmanlpcon,7fh CLINE42 end of line 42 line 43 definepowerdown()asmorlpcon,2 CLINE43 end of line 43 line 44 definego_idle()asmorlpcon,1CLINE44 end of line 44 line 45 defineset_t0_mode(gate,c_t,mode)a smorltmod,((gate * 8) + (c_t * 4) + mode) CLINE45 end of line 45 line 46 defineset_t1_mode(gate,c_t,mode)asmorltmod,(((gate * 8) + (c_t * 4) + mode) * 16) CLINE46 end of line 46 line 47 defineset_com_mode(mode,sm2,ren)asmmovscon,((mode * 64) + (sm2 * 32) + (ren * 16)) CLINE47 end of line 47 line 48 CLINE48 end of line 48 line 4 CLINE0 end of line 0 line 1 CLINE1 end of line 1 line 2 CLINE2 end of line 2 line 3 Copyright (c) SPJ Systems 1998 CLINE3 end of line 3 line 4 All Rights Reserved. CLINE4 end of line 4 line 5 */ CLINE5 end of line 5 line 6 CLINE6 end of line 6 line 7 unsigned parch inportb (unsigned int portid) CLINE7 end of line 7 line 8 void outportb (unsigned int portid, unsigned int value) CLINE8 end of line 8 line 9 unsigned char peekb (unsigned int addr) CLINE9 end of line 9 line 10 void pokeb (unsigned int addr, unsigned int value) CLINE10 end of line 10 line 11 void set_tcnt (int tnum, unsigned int count) CLINE11 end of line 11 line 12 void delay (int count) CLINE12 end of line 12 line 13 void delay_ms (int count) CLINE13 end of line 13 line 14 unsigned char lo_nibb (unsigned char ch) CLINE14 end of line 14 line 15 unsigned char hi_nibb (unsigned char ch) CLINE15 end of line 15 line 16 int getbyte () CLINE16 end of line 16 line 17 void sendbyte (unsigned char ch) CLINE17 end of line 17 line 18 int ser_rdy () CLINE18 end of line 18 line 19 void init_ser () CLINE19 end of line 19 line 20 CLINE20 end of line 20 line 21 defineINT_EXT01 CLINE21 end of line 21 line 22 defineINT_TMR02 CLINE22 end of line 22 line 23 defineINT_EXT13 CLINE23 end of line 23 line 24 defineINT_TMR14 CLINE24 end of line 24 line 25 defineINT_SER5 CLINE25 end of line 25 line 26 defineINT_TMR26 CLINE26 end of line 26 line 27 CLINE27 end of line 27 line 5 CLINE0 end of line 0 line 1 /*math. h CLINE1 end of line 1 line 2 CLINE2 end of line 2 line 3 Copyright (c) SPJ Syst ems 1998 CLINE3 end of line 3 line 4 All Rights Reserved. CLINE4 end of line 4 line 5 */ CLINE5 end of line 5 line 6 CLINE6 end of line 6 line 7 definepye3. 14285714285714 CLINE7 end of line 7 line 8 definepyex26. 28571428571429 CLINE8 end of line 8 line 9 definepye_2 1. 57142857142857 CLINE9 end of line 9 line 10 definepyex3_2 4. 71428571428571 CLINE10 end of line 10 line 11 defineLOG20. 30102999566 CLINE11 end of line 11 line 12 defineNLOG20. 69314718056 CLINE12 end of line 12 line 13 defineCONST_M0. 43429 CLINE13 end of line 13 line 14 CLINE14 end of line 14 line 15 ice-cream float sin (float x) CLINE15 end of line 15 line 16 float cos (float x) CLINE16 end of line 16 line 17 float tan (float x) CLINE17 end of line 17 line 18 float asin(float x) CLINE18 end of line 18 line 19 float acos (float x) CLINE19 end of line 19 line 20 float sinh (float x) CLINE20 end of line 20 line 21 float cosh (float x) CLINE21 end of line 2 1 line 22 float tanh (float x) CLINE22 end of line 22 line 23 float exp (float x_flval) CLINE23 end of line 23 line 24 float log (float value) CLINE24 end of line 24 line 25 float log10 (float value) CLINE25 end of line 25 line 26 float pow (float x, float y) CLINE26 end of line 26 line 27 float sqrt (float x) CLINE27 end of line 27 line 28 float ceil (float x) CLINE28 end of line 28 line 29 float floor (float x) CLINE29 end of line 29 line 30 float fabs (float x) CLINE30 end of line 30 line 31 float ldexp (float number, int power) CLINE31 end of line 31 line 32 float frexp (float number, int *power) CLINE32 end of line 32 line 33 float modf (float x, float *ipart) CLINE33 end of line 33 line 34 float fmod (float n1, float n2) CLINE34 end of line 34 line 35 CLINE35 end of line 35 line 6 CLINE0 end of line 0 line 1 /*stdlib. h CLINE1 end of line 1 line 2 CLINE2 end of line 2 line 3 Copyright (c) SPJ Systems 1998 CLINE3 e nd of line 3 line 4 All Rights Reserved. CLINE4 end of line 4 line 5 */ CLINE5 end of line 5 line 6 CLINE6 end of line 6 line 7 float atof (char *s) CLINE7 end of line 7 line 8 int atoi (char *s) CLINE8 end of line 8 line 9 long int atol (char *s) CLINE9 end of line 9 line 10 int abs (int n) CLINE10 end of line 10 line 11 long int labs (long int n) CLINE11 end of line 11 line 12 CLINE12 end of line 12 line 13 void int2bcd (int value, char *dest, int ndigits) CLINE13 end of line 13 line 14 void itoa_c31 (int value, char *dest, int ndigits) CLINE14 end of line 14 line 15 void ui2a_c31 (unsigned int value, char *dest, int ndigits) CLINE15 end of line 15 line 16 void ui2bcd (unsigned int value, char *dest, int ndigits) CLINE16 end of line 16 line 17 CLINE17 end of line 17 line 18 void long2bcd (long int val, char *dest, int cnt) CLINE18 end of line 18 line 19 void ltoa_c31 (long int val, char *dest, int cnt) CLINE19 end of line 19 line 20 CLINE20 end of line 20 line 7 include CLINE0 end of line 0 line 1 /*etc. h CLINE1 end of line 1 line 2 CLINE2 end of line 2 line 3 Copyright (c) SPJ Systems 1998 CLINE3 end of line 3 line 4 All Rights Reserved. CLINE4 end of line 4 line 5 */ CLINE5 end of line 5 line 6 CLINE6 end of line 6 line 7 int bcd2int (char *str, int ndigits) CLINE7 end of line 7 line 8 void flot2str (float value, char *dest) CLINE8 end of line 8 line 9 CLINE9 end of line 9 line 8 include CLINE0 end of line 0 line 1 /*string. h CLINE1 end of line 1 line 2 CLINE2 end of line 2 line 3 Copyright (c) SPJ Systems 1998 CLINE3 end of line 3 line 4 All Rights Reserved. CLINE4 end of line 4 line 5 */ CLINE5 end of line 5 line 6 CLINE6 end of line 6 line 7 char * strcpy (char *dest, char *src) CLINE7 end of line 7 line 8 char * strncpy (char *dest, char *src, int maxlen) CLINE8 end of line 8 line 9 char * strcat (char *dest, char *src) CLINE9 en d of line 9 line 10 int strcmp (char *s1, char *s2) CLINE10 end of line 10 line 11 unsigned int strlen (char *src) CLINE11 end of line 11 line 12 char * strlwr (char *s) CLINE12 end of line 12 line 13 char * strupr (char *s) CLINE13 end of line 13 line 14 CLINE14 end of line 14 line 15 void * memset (void *s, int c, int n) CLINE15 end of line 15 line 16 CLINE16 end of line 16 line 9 CLINE9 end of line 9 line 10 CLINE10 end of line 10 line 11 CLINE11 end of line 11 line 12 CLINE12 end of line 12 line 13 CLINE13 end of line 13 line 14 CLINE14 end of line 14 line 15 CLINE15 end of line 15 line 16 CLINE16 end of line 16 line 17 CLINE17 end of line 17 line 18 float f1,f2,s1,s2 CLINE18 end of line 18 line 19 CLINE19 end of line 19 line 20 /*************************************************** CLINE20 end of line 20 line 21 * Prototype(s) * CLINE21 end of line 21 line 22 ***************************************************/ CLINE22 end of line 22 line 23 CLINE23 end of line 23 line 24 CLINE24 end of line 24 line 25 CLINE25 end of line 25 line 26 CLINE26 end of line 26 line 27 CLINE27 end of line 27 line 28 CLINE28 end of line 28 line 29 void LCD_init() CLINE29 end of line 29 line 30 CLINE30 end of line 30 line 31 /*************************************************** CLINE31 end of line 31 line 32 * Sources * CLINE32 end of line 32 line 33 ***************************************************/ CLINE33 end of line 33 line 34 CLINE34 line 35 CLINE35 _LCD_delay end of line 35 line 36 unsigned char n CLINE36 end of line 36 line 37 unsigned char i CLINE37 end of line 37 line 38 CLINE38 pushbp movbp,sp incsp incsp for0 movr1,bp incr1 incr1 emailprotected,0 for_in0 mova,bp adda,0fdh movr1,a movmyacc,r1 movr0,myacc movr1,bp incr1 incr1 mova,r1 clrc subba,r0 clra movacc. 0,c emailprotected,a mova,myacc jnzfor_ok0 ljmpfor_out0 for_ok0 line 39 CLINE39 line 40 CLINE40 for1 movr1,bp i ncr1 emailprotected,0 for_in1 movr1,bp incr1 movr0,myacc mova,r1 clrc subba,100 clra movacc. 0,c emailprotected,a mova,myacc jnzfor_ok1 ljmpfor_out1 for_ok1 line 41 CLINE41 line 42 asm nop CLINE42 nop line 43 CLINE43 for_inc1 movr1,bp incr1 emailprotected ljmpfor_in1 for_out1 line 44 CLINE44 for_inc0 movr1,bp incr1 incr1 emailprotected ljmpfor_in0 for_out0 end of line 44 line 45 CLINE45 end of line 45 line 46 CLINE46 movsp,bp popbp ret end of line 46 line 47 CLINE47 end of line 47 line 48 CLINE48 end of line 48 line 49CLINE49 line 50 CLINE50 _LCD_command end of line 50 line 51 CLINE51 pushbp movbp,sp mova,bp adda,0fdh movr1,a mov160,r1 end of line 51 line 52 CLINE52 clr P3. 2 end of line 52 line 53 CLINE53 clr p3. 1 end of line 53 line 54 CLINE54 setb P3. 0 end of line 54 line 55 CLINE55 clr P3. 0 end of line 55 line 56 CLINE56 mova,01h pushacc lcall_LCD_delay decsp end of line 56 line 57 CLINE57 movsp,bp popbp ret end of line 57 line 58 CLINE58 end of line 58 line 59 CLINE59 line 60 CLINE60 _LCD_putc end of line 60 line 61 P2 = ascii CLINE61 pushbp movbp,sp mova,bp adda,0fdh movr1,a mov160,r1 end of line 61 line 62 CLINE62 setb P3. 2 end of line 62 line 63 asm clr p3. 1 CLINE63 clr p3. 1 end of line 63 line 64 CLINE64 setb P3. 0 end of line 64 line 65 asm clr P3. 0 CLINE65